2018 Conference proceedings

08:30 – 09:45 | Opening session

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the World Policy Conference

Some said technology would eventually erase borders and promote the rapid onset of a blissful globalisation. Instead, we are witnessing an exacerbation of nation-based realities, which irresistibly mirrors the past two centuries back to us.

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Amadou Gon Coulibaly

Prime Minister of Côte d’Ivoire

Africa has solid foundations for becoming a pillar of global growth and prosperity.

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General Michel Aoun

President of Lebanon

The recognition of the unity of the human family in its diversity and plurality and the attention paid to the unified dignity of each person must be given impetus in the responsibility to protect every human being

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His Holiness Bartholomew I

Arcbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenial Patriarch

Global interdependence was expected to bring about more equality, freedom and even democracy. But by using the failures of globalisation as a scapegoat, populism fuels hatred of others.

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09:45 – 11:45 | Plenary session 1

09:45 – 11:45

Jeffry Frieden

Professor of government, Harvard University

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Kemal Dervis

Senior Fellow in the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution, former Head of the UNDP, former Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey, former Vice president of the World Bank

We are in a much more multipolar world, although the US and China are by far the two big giants that are dominant.

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Marcus Noland

Executive Vice President and Director of Studies at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, Former senior economist at the Council of Economic Advisers in the Executive Office of the President of the United States

The bottom line is the Trump administration is focused on undoing past deals and instituting border restrictions. It remains unclear whether this protectionism is a means to an end.

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Il SaKong

Chairman of the Institute for Global Economics, former Chairman of the Presidential Committee for the G20 Summit, former Minister of Finance of the Republic of Korea

It is therefore urgent for the G20 countries to make efforts togethers to resuscitate the G20 Summit process to fill the global leadership gap for adequately facing the global economic challenges of the next 5 years.

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Qiao Yide

Vice Chairman and Secretary General of Shanghai Development Research Foundation (SDRF)

The most important is how China deals with trade escalation with the US. Everybody knows that the trade war was not initiated by China, but in this regard, I guess China can do more.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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Jeffry Frieden

Professor of government, Harvard University

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Karl Brauner

Deputy Director-General at the WTO

The WTO is about rule-guided globalisation and replacing the rule of law by the deal of the day would be very bad.

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Patrick de Castelbajac

Head of Airbus Strategy and International

For all of us large companies today, the Brexit uncertainty and the possible consequences forces us to revise our view on what we will do in the UK tomorrow.

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Suzanne Hayden

Former Senior Prosecutor for the US Department of Justice, PMI Impact Expert Council Member

Governments particularly, tend to focus on the thing that is most harmful to them at any given time in terms of trade, whether it is drugs, wildlife, nuclear trafficking, fissile materials, etc. However, criminals are not so discriminating.

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Itoh Motoshige

Emeritus Professor at the University of Tokyo, Professor at the Gakushuin University, Member of the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy, Japan

Abenomics is a very, very unorthodox expansionary policy, combined with an inflation target and it was successful. To just get out of the very serious lack of demand, you may need some kind of very unorthodox method.

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Debate

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11:45 – 12:15 | Plenary session 2

Conversation

Jean-Paul Agon

Chairman and CEO of L’Oréal

An international company is a company that is based somewhere and sells its products everywhere in the world. A global company is a company that is already based everywhere in the world.

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Debate

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12:15 – 12:45 | Plenary session 3

Conversation

Jim Hoagland

Contributing Editor, The Washington Post

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Jean-Yves Le Gall

President of the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), President of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), Chair of the Council of the European Space Agency (ESA)

Africa is now opening a space chapter. Because of digitalisation and militarisation, the cost of the satellites is decreasing very strongly, and you have more and more countries that have a space program.

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Debate

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13:00 – 14:45 | Lunch debate

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Olivier Blanchard

Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, former Chief Economist of the IMF

The big challenge for an economist is to think about how the political and geopolitical risks can translate into economics in the relatively short run.

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Debate

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15:00 – 16:00 | Plenary session 4

Migrations and the future of multiculturalism

Sean Cleary

Founder and Executive Vice-Chairman of the FutureWorld Foundation and Chairman of Strategic Concepts (Pty) Ltd

Migration seems likely to increase, firstly because of levels of geopolitical instability, uncertainty, gaps between personal circumstances, economic and otherwise, in the developing and the developed worlds, and the uncertain impact of climate change on significant parts of the developing world.

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Jean-François Copé

Former Minister of the Budget, Mayor of Meaux, Lawyer at the Paris Bar

What is new today is that if you have a look at the political deal in democracies, the divide is between populists and traditional government parties. […] What is a stake now is the capacity for democracies to face this kind of problem.

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László Trócsányi

Minister of Justice of Hungary

The States need to be given their freedom; Europe’s values need to be demonstrated in practice. That is why the Schengen Agreement is very important.

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Bogdan Klich

Senator, Minority Leader of the Polish Senate, former Minister of Defense and Member of the European Parliament

In some countries of Central and Western Europe, we have the re-emergence of very dangerous political tendencies, which are populism and nationalism.

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Jim Hoagland

Contributing Editor, The Washington Post

The migration pressures that we have seen have driven populist victories, but I am not sure we have seen populism and populist parties come up with solutions to the pressures that created their victories.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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16:00 – 17:00 | Plenary session 5

Preparing children and youth for jobs in the 21st century

Brian A. Gallagher

President and CEO of United Way of America/United Way Worldwide

Every child born in the world is going to develop their brain most substantially within the first few years of life. If we would like to make a positive intervention, early in a child’s life seems to be the time to do it.

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Juliette Tuakli

Member of United Way Worldwide Leadership Council, CEO and Chief Medical Officer of CHILDAccra, Ghana

Health in Africa is critical for the preparation of youth for the future. Nothing is more painful to witness than the young with access to education, unable to learn because of their suboptimal health. It is painful because it is preventable!

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Eduardo de Campos Queiroz

CEO of the Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal Foundation, Brazil

Health, education and social development must work together to help the families, especially the vulnerable ones.

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Chittaranjan Kaul

Director of the Centre for Learning Resources, India

Having long term goals helps us navigate skilfully through the short-term challenges of bringing up our children.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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17:00 – 17:45 | Plenary session 6

Religion and politics in China

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Franciscus Verellen

Director of the EFEO Hong Kong Centre, former Director of the Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient

International relations and sovereignty are important dimensions of Chinese religious policy today, especially bringing foreign religious organisations under the authority of the Communist Party and regulating the religious activities of foreigners in China.

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Jean-Pierre Cabestan

Director of Research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Professor and Head of the Department of Government and International Studies at Hong Kong Baptist University

The fact that among the elites and the counter-elites in China you have more and more Christians is both an issue for the authorities and a factor of potential political change.

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Debate

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17:45 – 19:15 | Plenary session 7

Middle East

Steven Erlanger

Chief Diplomatic Correspondent, Europe, New York Times

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Renaud Girard

Senior reporter and war correspondent, Le Figaro

I will look at the Middle East from the outside. The most striking thing I see is the West’s strategic impotence.

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Odeh Aburdene

President of OAI Advisors, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations

The way the Middle East is structured today you have several major regional powers. It would remain unstable but no one power would dominate.

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Mona Makram Ebeid

Egyptian Senator and former Member of Parliament, Distinguished Lecturer at the Political Science Department of the American University in Cairo

Egypt holds several geopolitical cards that, if it is played rationally, can be major assets.

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Miguel Ángel Moratinos

Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain, former EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process

Why do not the South Eastern Mediterranean countries, instead of fighting for demarcation of the oil and gas reserves, create something like a European high authority that can share and coordinate the use and exploration of energy?

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Itamar Rabinovich

President of the Israel Institute (Washington and Jerusalem), Professor Emeritus of Middle Eastern History at the Tel Aviv University, Distinguished Fellow at the Brookings Institution

The normalisation of Syrian life, statehood, and politics will take several more years and the region and the world will have to continue to live with a Syrian problem that needs to be better managed in the future, than it has been in the past.

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Panelists debate

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20:00 | Cocktail & Dinner debate

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Laurent Fabius

President of the Constitutional Council, former Prime Minister, France

The threat faced by the environment and the climate is not of the same magnitude as the others. It is thus a race against the clock, between the action we can take and the aims we need to pursue.

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Debate

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08:30 – 10:15 | Plenary session 8

The consequences of Trump

Steven Erlanger

Chief Diplomatic Correspondent, Europe, New York Times

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Michael Fullilove

Executive Director of the Lowy Institute, former Adviser to Prime Minister, Australia

President Trump is not really interested in solving policy problems; he is interested in being seen to win.

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Rozlyn Engel

Former Senior executive in charge of the Office of Macroeconomic Analysis in the U.S. Treasury Department, Non-resident Scholar in the Geo-Economics and Strategy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The Trump phenomenon is really built around a struggling, white, lower middle-class American voter, who has been in a lot of pain over the last two decades.

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Ichiro Fujisaki

President of Nakasone Peace Institute, former Deputy Foreign Minister, former Ambassador to the United States, Japan

It is a pity that the US have opted out from TPP and the Paris Accord, but we are going to do this by ourselves with likeminded countries.

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Wang Jisi

President of the Institute of the International and Strategic Studies at Peking University

Some people say that Trump is helping China. He is damaging the US in the world, making way for China’s rise.

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Ryu Jin Roy

Chairman and CEO of Poongsan Group, Vice Chairman of the Korea-US Economic Council, Vice Chairman of the Federation of Korean Industries

America and the world will survive Donald Trump, whether it takes two more years or four more years.

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Igor Yurgens

Chairman of the Management Board of the Institute of Contemporary Development, Russia

Protectionism, demagoguery, populism are not the way forward but are the retrograde movement. By moving backwards we exhaust the planet and civilization we live in.

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Hubert Védrine

Former French Minister of Foreign Affairs

The United States will one day return, not to the theory of multilateralism, but to the practice of international cooperation, once it has seen the relative failure of the “every man for himself” motto during Mr. Trump’s term, on the Chinese question and other issues.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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10:15 – 10:45 | Plenary session 9

Conversation

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Carlos Ghosn

Chairman and CEO of Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi, Chairman and CEO of Renault, Chairman of Nissan Motor Company and Mitsubishi Motors

People are ready to cooperate when they have a common project as long as this cooperation is not a threat to their identity. It is the same with companies.

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Debate

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10:45 – 12:00 | Plenary session 10

The North Korean issue

Vuk Jeremić

President of the Center for International Relations and Sustainable Development (CIRSD), former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia

The North-Korean issue has been dominating the agenda of international relations for decades.

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Tsakhia Elbegdorj

Former President of Mongolia

I do not believe that North Korean society will change in the face of the current leadership.

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Wang Jisi

President of the Institute of the International and Strategic Studies at Peking University

One thing that is very peculiar between China and North Korea is their long-term ideological affinity.

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Douglas Paal

Vice President for studies of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Trump will have satisfied the American desire to keep the Koreas separate from China.

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Yim Sung-Joon

Senior Advisor at Lee International IP & Law Group, former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea

For the first time in the US-NK negotiations, Washington has essentially accepted, whether or not graciously, NK’s wish list on sequencing.

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Hosoya Yuichi

Professor at the Faculty of Law of Keio University, former Member of the Advisory Board at Japan’s National Security Council (NSC)

Japan can also play a very significant role in the process of reconstructing North Korea once the rapprochement and peace talks are advanced.

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Georgy Toloraya

Director of Asian Strategy Center at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Now we have the most peaceful and promising period in the Korean situation for many years.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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12:00 – 13:00 | Plenary session 11

One Belt, One Road

Ronnie C. Chan

Chairman of Hang Lung Properties

The Silk Road accomplished something geo-economically and a little bit geopolitically, but the cultural exchange has perhaps affected the world more than anything else.

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Leung Chun-Ying

Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, former Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China

Much has been said about the successes and failures of the international and regional infrastructure projects, but there are actually five connectivities under the BRI – policies, facilities, trade, capital and people-to-people connectivity.

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Shiv Vikram Khemka

Vice Chairman of SUN Group, Executive Chairman of The Global Education & Leadership Foundation, India

Russia today sees BRI as a tremendous opportunity to encourage growth within Russia, to create greater connectivity with Asia, and a viable strategy to engage with the East.

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Bayu Krisnamurthi

Former Vice Minister of Trade of Indonesia

BRI needs to serve the Sustainable Development Goals – poverty reduction, food security, energy security, employment creation and so on.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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13:15 – 15:00 | Lunch debate

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Mustapha Bakkoury

President of the Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (Masen)

Today, where renewable technologies are concerned, there is a proven maturity that is indisputable. However, what is not necessarily so is our approach to using such and such a technology.

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15:15 – 16:15 | Plenary session 12

The future of the euro

Jean Pisani-Ferry

European University Institute, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa chair, and Senior Fellow at Bruegel

We are facing a new situation in Italy, not so much about the sort of short-term disputes between the Italian Government and the EU about the budget but more fundamentally about how Italy has failed in the Euro area.

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Ashoka Mody

Charles and Marie Robertson Visiting Professor in International Economic Policy at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University

The Euro has been a source of division and will continue to be so, because the interests are naturally different.

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Jean-Claude Trichet

President of Bruegel and former President of the ECB

What is lacking in Europe vis-à-vis the US is a full-fledged banking union and capital union, because it plays a more important role in the US in terms of countering, stability and asymmetric shocks than the fiscal channel itself.

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Olivier Blanchard

Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, former Chief Economist of the IMF

At the euro level, we need a higher average inflation, to allow countries which need to depreciate to do it without requiring decreases in nominal wages. This is the job of the ECB.

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Panelists debate

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Debate

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16:30 – 19:00 | Parallel workshops

Workshop #1 – Finance and economy

Jean-Claude Trichet

President of Bruegel and former President of the ECB

Conflicts and geopolitical tensions in many regions of the world could also be adverse to sustained global growth.

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Qiao Yide

Vice Chairman and Secretary General of Shanghai Development Research Foundation (SDRF)

If the two largest economies are in the phase of going down in the economic cycle, it will drag down the economy of rest of the world.

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Jean-Claude Meyer

Vice-Chairman International of Rothschild & cie

Our only hope is that we will not see a deep crisis, – but just a correction, a soft landing scenario.

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Jeffry Frieden

Professor, Harvard University

The financial system is in many ways a creature of public policy, and it is heavily affected by public policies.

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Daniel Daianu

Member of the Board of the Central Bank of Romania, Member of the European Council for Foreign Relations, former Finance Minister of Romania

In spite of global supply chains and strong interdependencies in the world economy, there is a shift toward emphasizing regional arrangements as well.

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Itoh Motoshige

Emeritus Professor at the University of Tokyo, Professor at the Gakushuin University, Member of the Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy, Japan

Drastic monetary policy is very important when we are in a critical position of deflation.

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Bertrand Badré

Founder and CEO of Blue like an Orange Sustainable Capital, former Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of the World Bank Group

We are starting to be obsessed with the tree of the next financial crisis and we have forgotten about the forest of the climate crisis.

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Debate

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Workshop #2 – Energy and climate

Nobuo Tanaka

Chairman of The Sasakawa Peace Foundation, former Executive Director of the IEA

Can Japan compete with other countries if the cost of electricity is so high? How can we make a cheaper mix of electricity by using more renewables etc. and be competitive?

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Olivier Appert

President of the French Energy Council and of the French committee of the World Energy Council

The clear objective is to make America energy-independent, and the energy independence of Obama has been replaced by an energy dominance.

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Leila Benali

President of the Arab Energy Forum

There is a growing awareness in the industry that energy storage is of incredible and paramount importance.

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Richard Cooper

Professor of International Economics at Harvard University, former Chairman of the National Intelligence Council, former Under-Secretary of State for Economic Affairs

In the short run, the thing we need to do above all is prevent the building of new coal fired power plants, which contribute greatly to climate change and are heavily polluting.

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Tatsuo Masuda

Visiting Professor at the Graduate School of Nagoya University of Commerce and Business (NUCB)

From a climate policy perspective, China is consolidating the leading position in both the deployment of renewable energy and the establishment of a huge carbon market.

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Ladislas Paszkiewicz

Senior Vice President-Strategy & Climate at Total SA

We do genuinely believe that an oil and gas company like ours can gradually decrease the carbon intensity of the energy products that it sells to its customers.

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Debate

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Workshop #3 – Africa

Nathalie Delapalme

Executive Director (Research and Policy) of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation

The ability to offer job prospects to young people arriving on the labour market in massive numbers is a major challenge for Africa and its immediate vicinity.

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Uri Dadush

Senior Fellow at the OCP Policy Center and non-resident scholar at Bruegel

Convergence, international trade liberalisation, only works in conjunction with the strengthening of domestic policies.

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Elisabeth Guigou

President of the Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation for the Dialogue Between Cultures, former Member of the French National Assembly and President of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Assembly

If we want Franco-African relations, and especially European-African relations, that are up to the challenges we face together, we need to establish a new and equal partnership.

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Mostafa Terrab

Chairman and CEO of OCP Group

We have to ask ourselves what good is free trade if we cannot produce the goods and services that we will trade within the continent.

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Othman El Ferdaous

Secretary of State to the Minister of Industry, Investment, Trade and Digital Economy, in charge of investment, Kingdom of Morocco

A free trade agreement will not work without territorial continuity.

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Juliette Tuakli

Member of United Way Worldwide Leadership Council, CEO and Chief Medical Officer of CHILDAccra, Ghana

We really have to build our domestic policies to have a much sounder social contracts between the state and populations they should serve.

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Lionel Zinsou

Co-chair of SouthBridge, former Prime Minister of Benin

I strongly believe that the digital modernisation of the informal sector is extremely useful because it is a remarkably productive and efficient sector.

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Hailemariam Desalegn

Former Prime Minister of Ethiopia

CFTA is one of the ways that we can integrate our continent; it is very important milestone.

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Debate

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20:00 | Cocktail & Gala Dinner

Nasser Bourita

Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Kingdom of Morocco

The fundamentals of international relations are shaking. Borders, sovereignty, responsibility, even applicable law—threats and opportunities know no frontiers.

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08:30 – 09:45 | Plenary session 13

Young Leaders

Patrick Nicolet

Group Chief Technology Officer and Group Executive Board Member of Capgemini

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Mathilde Pak

Economist in the Structural Policy Analysis Division of the Economics Department at OECD

Gig economy platforms seem rather excitingly innovative. […] Policy makers first challenge is to adapt existing regulations.

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Marco Janmaat

Founder and Director of VR Owl, Netherlands

Currently, we have built up a digital system with screens everywhere. […] But in the future with AR, we have the possibility to replace this digital information and show it via a glass.

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Natasha Franck

Founder and CEO of EON Group, United States

The Internet of Things (IoT) also introduces new challenges at the intersection of policy, big-data and environmental product stewardship.

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Tarek Ouertani

Head of Marketing, ProGlove, Germany

The pace of technological change is high, and we need to keep up with this pace in terms of regulation.

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Hermine Durand

Head of division at the French Nuclear Safety Authority

Going digital is necessary to improve the regulation of nuclear power plants for the benefit of citizens but must be undertaken carefully.

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Debate

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09:45 – 11:00 | Plenary session 14

Some basic European strategic issues

Ali Aslan

TV host and journalist, Deutsche Welle TV

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Josep Borrell

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain, former President of the European Parliament

Migration is not limited to a period or a circumstance. It is not a matter of effective management, but of strategy for the future. It will not pass; it will amplify.

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Karin Kneissl

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria

To make progress together, we will need well-enforced rules, transparency, openness in the awarding of public contracts, in particular intellectual property and risk-sharing.

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Michael Lothian

Member of the House of Lords, former Conservative Member of Parliament

The UK is leaving the European Union with Brexit, but it is not leaving Europe. […] We are an inextricable part of Europe.

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Nicolas Veron

Senior Fellow at Bruegel and at the Peterson Institute for International Economics

Completing the banking union and building it into a capital markets union is what will make or break the international role of the Euro going forward.

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Jean-Louis Bourlanges

Member of the French Parliament, former Member of the Court of Auditors and of the European Parliament

We are now seeing, after a period of illusion during which the threat faded away, a strong surge in all the threats, which is creating, once again, extremely strong pressure for Europe to unify.

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Panelists debate

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11:00 – 12:30 | Plenary session 15

Some impacts of a connected world

Virginie Robert

Chief Editor of the international desk, Les Echos

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François Barrault

Chairman of IDATE DigiWorld Institute, Chairman and Founder of FDB Partners

What the big revolution technology has brought is instant access to knowledge and information anytime, anywhere.

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Chang Dae-Whan

Chairman and Publisher, Maekyung Media Group, Member of the Global Commission on Internet Governance, former acting Prime minister of Korea

Smart cities can solve problems that even nations cannot and they are very important factor in global governance in this connected world.

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Patrick Nicolet

Group Chief Technology Officer and Group Executive Board Member of Capgemini

Trust is fundamental to all human interactions, whether in business or between states, and technology is fundamentally changing how trust will be handled.

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Tobby Simon

Commissioner with the Global Commission for Internet Governance (GCIG), Member of the Trilateral Commission, Founder and President of Synergia Foundation

The biggest challenge at the national level for politicians and policymakers worldwide is the need to balance the enormous benefits of global openness and connectivity with national priorities and policies.

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Francis Gurry

Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Regarding the impact of the connected world on governance, the greater the connection, the greater the dependence that is created, and the greater the dependence, the greater the vulnerability and risk.

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Debate

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12:45 – 14:30 | Lunch debate

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the WPC

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Hailemariam Desalegn

Former Prime Minister of Ethiopia

Many of us relegate young people to the future but they continue to assert that they are equally the current leaders of Africa.

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Lionel Zinsou

Co-chair of SouthBridge, former Prime Minister of Benin

Fertility does not explain our demographic growth. Our demographic growth comes from life expectancy, which is rising due to better nutrition, education and health care.

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Panelists debate

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14:45 – 15:45 | Reports from parallel workshops

Ihssane Guennoun

Program Officer, OCP Policy Center

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Tatsuo Masuda

Visiting Professor, Nagoya University of Commerce and Business Graduate School, Japan

China is greening its energy system very fast and it will be accelerated.

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Ihssane Guennoun

Program Officer, OCP Policy Center

Migrants should not be perceived as a threat but rather as an opportunity to contribute to the growth of the European continent but also to the African continent.

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Jean-Claude Trichet

President of Bruegel and former President of the ECB

Leverage has continued to grow after the crisis and has augmented less than before in the advanced economies but much more than before in the emerging economies.

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15:45 – 17:45 | Plenary session 16

Final debate

Thomas Gomart

Director of Ifri

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Assia Bensalah Alaoui

Ambassador-at-large of HM the King of Morocco

The tremendous rapidity of technological change is already a source of anxiety. […] The rising inequalities and disparities, in that respect may mean massive “digital refugees”.

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Stuart Eizenstat

Partner, Covington and Burling LLP

Trump has transformed decades of bipartisan American trade policy, showing a deep distrust of multilateral trade agreements, and seeking instead through unilateral actions to reach bilateral or regional deals that he asserts are essential to our national security.

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Donald Johnston

Chair Emeritus of the McCall MacBain Foundation, former Secretary General of the OECD

As the US leaves the global stage, China may become the international rule setter and global leader in commerce and finance.

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Tadakatsu Sano

Attorney-at-law at Jones Day, Former Director-General of the Trade Policy Bureau and Vice Minister for International Affairs, Japan

In fact, the US-China trade war is about hegemony, in particular in the field of cyber-technology, cyberspace, AI and so forth.

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Bernardino León Gross

Director General of the Emirates Diplomatic Academy in the UAE, former Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General and Head of the UN Support Mission in Libya

The idea of an Arab NATO, of this military alliance of the Gulf countries with Egypt and Jordan, is stronger than ever.

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Pierre Morel

Director of the Observatoire Pharos, former EU Special Representative for Central Asia and the Crisis in Georgia

Everyone is against unilateralism officially, but everyone is starting to practice it. […] We have multi-unilateralism.

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Artem Malgin

Vice-rector of MGIMO-University

We need multilateralism, because multilateral regulations usually build through great tendencies, great changes.

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Manuel Muñiz

Dean of the School of International Relations at IE University and Rafael del Pino Professor of Practice of Global Transformation, Senior Associate at Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

We will live in a place with more walls and less movement of people and less commerce, and that basically means that we are living the return of history.

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Fathallah Oualalou

Senior Fellow at the OCP Policy Center, former Minister of Economy and Finance, Kingdom of Morocco

The multipolar world, the world of sharing, is a world that recognizes the contribution of all civilisations.

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Debate

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17:45 | Envoi

Thierry de Montbrial

Founder and Chairman of the World Policy Conference

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