{"id":11377,"date":"2018-09-06T09:59:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-06T08:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/?p=11377"},"modified":"2018-09-06T09:59:00","modified_gmt":"2018-09-06T08:59:00","slug":"sweden-was-long-seen-as-a-moral-superpower-that-may-be-changing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/sweden-was-long-seen-as-a-moral-superpower-that-may-be-changing\/","title":{"rendered":"Sweden Was Long Seen as a \u2018Moral Superpower.\u2019 That May Be Changing. Image"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<header class=\"css-sb57iz e345g291\">\n<div class=\"css-30n6iy e345g290\">\n<div class=\"css-acwcvw\">\n<p><time class=\"css-pnci9c eqgapgq0\" datetime=\"2018-09-03\">Sept. 3, 2018<\/time><\/p>\n<p>Steven Erlanger, The New York Times<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">STOCKHOLM \u2014 In a civic center in Rinkeby, a heavily immigrant district of northwest Stockholm, several hundred people gathered recently for a forum on Sweden\u2019s coming election and the future of the country.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The conversation, about the nature of Sweden\u2019s democracy and the importance of voting, was sophisticated and passionate. But it was frustrating for one participant, Ahmed Ali, a Somali immigrant, who thought people were dancing around the main issue.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cThe stakes are really high in this election,\u201d he said in an interview. \u201cThere are more extremists in the country, and they have more influence. They don\u2019t have a real political agenda. They just hate immigrants. And this xenophobia is happening all over Europe.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">As an angry and divided Sweden prepares to vote on Sunday, the shape of the next Swedish government is utterly unclear, because of the rapid rise of the anti-immigration, anti-Europe Sweden Democrats, a populist nationalist party that is expected to win a fifth of the vote.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cThis election is very important to us,\u201d said Kahin Ahmed, 48, who is running for a local seat, but complains that none of the Swedish parties put immigrants or black people high enough on their party lists to get elected in proportionate numbers, even in areas like this one. \u201cThere is a racist party moving forward fast, and we have to stop them.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"css-l1fb44 e1a8i6eb0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-2-print\/merlin_143072460_f8545055-e6fd-4dc3-8231-81e7cddc5f95-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-2-print\/merlin_143072460_f8545055-e6fd-4dc3-8231-81e7cddc5f95-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-2-print\/merlin_143072460_f8545055-e6fd-4dc3-8231-81e7cddc5f95-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-2-print\/merlin_143072460_f8545055-e6fd-4dc3-8231-81e7cddc5f95-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\"><span class=\"css-1v07nl7 e1olku6u0\">Election posters in Rinkeby, a heavily immigrant district of northwest Stockholm.<\/span><span class=\"css-vg01wm e18m0s9i0\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\">Credit<\/span>Loulou d&rsquo;Aki for The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Sweden, long considered \u201ca moral superpower,\u201d\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?id=TRdWDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT124&amp;lpg=PT124&amp;dq=moral+superpower+lars+tragardh&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=WxSVKie6rN&amp;sig=U1vtR7Xx_acf7VqXOwPdODb1eTU&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiN7Mzd55ndAhUFQ8AKHbzgCdYQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=moral%20superpower%20lars%20tragardh&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as the political scientist Lars Tragardh put it<\/a>, has traditionally welcomed immigrants. But that is changing under the pressure of globalization, immigration and anxiety about national and cultural identity. As in Germany and France, parties of the extremes, of the left and especially of the right, are increasing their support at the expense of those that have traditionally dominated.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Sweden \u201cis joining the rest of Europe,\u201d Carl Bildt, a former prime minister from the center-right Moderate Party, said with evident sadness. \u201cAnd the myth of the Sweden model is melting away.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The melting was in evidence recently in Sergels Square in central Stockholm, where Martin Westmont, a candidate for the Stockholm regional council, made the Sweden Democrats\u2019 case to the voters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cWe\u2019re the new wave,\u201d he said. The election \u201cwill be a revolution.\u201d He predicted that the Social Democrats, the party who built the famous Swedish welfare state, would collapse, \u201ceven if not this time,\u201d and \u201cwe will become the largest party.\u201d Many voters were still reluctant to tell pollsters that they would vote for the Sweden Democrats, Mr. Westmont suggested.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Populism has shifted the political discourse to the right and raised the temperature, even among the traditionally phlegmatic Swedes. Political support is fragmenting, with the long-dominant Social Democrats heading for their worst showing in a century.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">They are losing voters to the Left Party and the Greens, especially after this\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/07\/19\/world\/europe\/heat-wave-sweden-fires.html\">summer of extensive forest fires<\/a>, but also some working-class voters to the far-right Sweden Democrats. The Moderates have lost even more to the far right.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"css-l1fb44 e1a8i6eb0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-1-print\/merlin_143075001_b23e6df7-8f02-419b-9396-89c414d9c161-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-1-print\/merlin_143075001_b23e6df7-8f02-419b-9396-89c414d9c161-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-1-print\/merlin_143075001_b23e6df7-8f02-419b-9396-89c414d9c161-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/04\/world\/04sweden-1-print\/merlin_143075001_b23e6df7-8f02-419b-9396-89c414d9c161-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\"><span class=\"css-1v07nl7 e1olku6u0\">A view over central Stockholm. The wave of migrants in 2015 flowed mostly to Sweden and Germany, regarded as Europe\u2019s most welcoming destinations.<\/span><span class=\"css-vg01wm e18m0s9i0\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\">Credit<\/span>Loulou d&rsquo;Aki for The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The migrant wave of 2015 flowed mostly to Germany and Sweden, regarded as Europe\u2019s most welcoming nations. Germany took in more than one million, while 163,000 arrived in Sweden seeking asylum, a large number in a country of 10.1 million. If the panic in Sweden has been less than in Germany, the political impact has been similar: the rise of a far-right, anti-immigrant, nationalist party \u2014 Alternative for Germany in one case, and the Sweden Democrats in the other \u2014 that is upending old certainties.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Political elites here as elsewhere \u201cunderestimated how much people still live in national democracies,\u201d not some global stew, said Professor Tragardh, who teaches at Ersta Skondal Bracke University College.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">As in Germany, stiffer border controls were quickly introduced in Sweden and the numbers of new immigrants fell steeply, to about 23,000 this year. But the political damage had been done, and despite a thriving economy and low unemployment, the Sweden Democrats argue that immigration should stop and that resources should go to refurbishing the welfare state strained by an aging population, gang violence and the challenge of taking on migrants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Integration of newcomers takes up to seven years, because of tough labor market requirements, insisted upon by Sweden\u2019s trade unions, and the challenges of the country\u2019s language and of its culture, which is more comfortable opening its borders than its homes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cThis election really matters, and it is pretty much up in the air,\u201d said Jonas Hinnfors, a professor of political science at the University of Gothenburg. Welfare, health and taxes are, as ever, top issues, as is climate change, he said, but \u201cto an unprecedented extent, you have immigration and crime, and also unprecedented is the way the Social Democrats are campaigning on these issues and proposing more police and tougher border controls.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The rise of the Sweden Democrats masks the decline of the Social Democrats, who are synonymous with social democracy in Europe and have come first in nearly every Swedish election since 1917. But while they got over 50 percent of the vote in 1968 and more than 45 percent in 1994, their support has dwindled steadily to about 25 percent, reflecting declines in support for socialist and left-center parties elsewhere in Europe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"css-l1fb44 e1a8i6eb0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden4\/merlin_143072766_39bbe885-d33c-4243-bfc4-9827b710ce6a-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden4\/merlin_143072766_39bbe885-d33c-4243-bfc4-9827b710ce6a-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden4\/merlin_143072766_39bbe885-d33c-4243-bfc4-9827b710ce6a-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden4\/merlin_143072766_39bbe885-d33c-4243-bfc4-9827b710ce6a-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\"><span class=\"css-1v07nl7 e1olku6u0\">At a lecture and discussion in Rinkeby about Sweden\u2019s coming election and the future of the country.<\/span><span class=\"css-vg01wm e18m0s9i0\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\">Credit<\/span>Loulou d&rsquo;Aki for The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">If the Sweden Democrats, as expected, get around 20 percent of the vote, that will make it impossible for either the center-left or center-right bloc to form a majority government. The other parties insist that they will not do any deals with the Sweden Democrats, but the question has already cost the Moderates one leader and is bound to come up again in the days after the election, no matter which bloc ends up larger.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The surge of the Sweden Democrats, with their roots in Swedish fascism and neo-Nazism, has astounded many. Under a young leader, Jimmie Akesson, the party has moved to expel its most extreme members and soften its message, symbolized by the switch of its logo from a flaming torch to a floppy version of the blue anemone, one of Sweden\u2019s favorite flowers and a harbinger of spring.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The strategy seems to be working. The party crossed the 4 percent threshold for parliamentary seats in 2010, getting 5.7 percent of the vote; in 2014, it won 12.9 percent. It could now become Sweden\u2019s second-largest party, with all the complications that could bring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">The Sweden Democrats have not abandoned their traditional slogan, \u201cKeep Sweden Swedish,\u201d but have downplayed it in favor of \u201cSecurity and Tradition.\u201d What they are selling, most people agree, is nostalgia for a mythic Sweden of the 1950s \u2014 safe, prosperous and white.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">They vow to protect the civil religion of the welfare state and restore the \u201cFolkhemmet,\u201d or the \u201cpeople\u2019s home,\u201d the idea of the nation as a family where everyone contributes and cares for one another. That concept was created by the Social Democrats, but many consider it threatened by immigration, Islam and crime.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">And like other populist parties across Europe, they have been greatly aided by the 2015 migration wave, a rise in gang warfare in the suburbs of big cities and some coordinated and highly visible\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/15\/world\/europe\/sweden-car-fires.html\">bouts of car burnings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"css-l1fb44 e1a8i6eb0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden5\/merlin_143072301_62a7b8e5-abb9-4041-989b-1bc069b4499b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden5\/merlin_143072301_62a7b8e5-abb9-4041-989b-1bc069b4499b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden5\/merlin_143072301_62a7b8e5-abb9-4041-989b-1bc069b4499b-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/08\/31\/world\/xxsweden5\/merlin_143072301_62a7b8e5-abb9-4041-989b-1bc069b4499b-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\"><span class=\"css-1v07nl7 e1olku6u0\">A street in Rinkeby. Sweden has traditionally welcomed immigrants, but that is changing under the pressure of globalization, immigration and anxiety about national and cultural identity.<\/span><span class=\"css-vg01wm e18m0s9i0\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\">Credit<\/span>Loulou d&rsquo;Aki for The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Mr. Westmont, 39, the Sweden Democrats\u2019 candidate for the Stockholm regional council, said his experiences growing up were typical of many in his generation who have soured on immigration.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">He said he was a youth member of the center-right Moderates, \u201cbut they were becoming too liberal for me.\u201d Growing up in a Stockholm suburb, \u201chalf the kids\u201d were immigrants. \u201cSo I saw the problem from an early age, and I also saw that what the other parties say was not true.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">When he joined the Sweden Democrats in 2010, his parents were so embarrassed that he decided to change his name, he said. \u201cBut a lot of Moderates have come to us, and now my father supports the party, and I hope my mother will, too.\u201d Then he smiled and said, \u201cBut who knows about mothers?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\">\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">Kimia Khodabandeh sees a more sinister side. Age 18 and a first-time voter, she was born in Sweden to Iranian parents who fled the revolution there. \u201cI do feel targeted,\u201d she said. \u201cI was raised Swedish and feel Swedish, but I don\u2019t look Swedish, and they wouldn\u2019t accept us as Swedish.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cAnd that\u2019s why I\u2019m concerned,\u201d she continued. \u201cWe live in a society where everyone is accepted and helps one another, but we\u2019re heading in the wrong direction. I just don\u2019t understand why some people want to ruin everything.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">In the end, the Social Democrats and the center left may yet cling to power, and the Sweden Democrats may do well but again be kept out of the government. But the question of whether to make some deal with them, as mainstream parties in Finland, Denmark and Norway have done with their far-right rivals, or to continue to isolate them, is unlikely to go away.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1i0edl6 e2kc3sl0\">\u201cThis election is a struggle about values and Swedish identity,\u201d said Ulf Bjereld, a professor of political science at the University of Gothenburg and an active member of the Social Democrats. \u201cThe question is how to keep Sweden in the forefront of liberalism and social democracy versus stronger support for the nation state and borders. Who will Sweden be in this struggle? We\u2019re just at the beginning of this debate.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-1h6whtw\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sept. 3, 2018 Steven Erlanger, The New York Times STOCKHOLM \u2014 In a civic center in Rinkeby, a heavily immigrant district of northwest Stockholm, several hundred people gathered recently for<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-room"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11377\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}