Space exploration\u00a0has been an arena of competition and speculation among the major powers. The\u00a0Cold War\u00a0saw a fierce space race between the\u00a0United States\u00a0and the\u00a0Soviet Union\u00a0in satellite launches, manned space flights, and\u00a0lunar exploration.<\/p>\n
In contrast, the\u00a0International Space Station\u00a0(ISS) was a collaboration project between the US, Japan, and European countries. It began construction in 1998 under the leadership of the US and became a shining symbol of international cooperation.\u00a0Russia<\/a>\u00a0also joined the project after the Cold War ended.<\/p>\n Much has been achieved aboard the ISS. For instance, new drugs and medical care for the elderly have been developed by conducting experiments in an environment vastly different from that of the earth, including microgravity, high-intensity solar energy, and cosmic radiation.<\/p>\n Furthermore, various research led by participating countries has led to innovations to improve life in space and on earth. ISS operations are expected to be extended from the original 2024 to 2030.<\/p>\n Kazuto Suzuki<\/a>, a professor of science and technology policy at the\u00a0Graduate School of Public Policy<\/a>\u00a0at the University of Tokyo shares his insight into national space policies. He explains, \u00ab\u00a0Much of what happens in space exploration is about symbolic meaning. There won’t be any substantial changes even if ISS operations were to cease.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n […]<\/p>\nThe Symbolism of Space Exploration<\/strong><\/h2>\n