{"id":5578,"date":"2015-11-20T10:44:06","date_gmt":"2015-11-20T09:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/?p=5578"},"modified":"2015-12-09T10:18:41","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T09:18:41","slug":"pour-bien-tourner-le-monde-a-besoin-dun-nouvel-equilibre-fr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/pour-bien-tourner-le-monde-a-besoin-dun-nouvel-equilibre-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00abPour bien tourner, le monde a besoin d\u2019un nouvel \u00e9quilibre\u00bb (fr)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\"><em>20.11.2015<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\"><b>Montreux,\u00a020.11.2015\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Address by the Federal Councillor Didier Burkhalter on the occasion of the World Policy Conference in Montreux &#8211; Check against delivery<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident,<br \/>\nMesdames et Messieurs,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Merci de votre invitation ! Et merci de votre pr\u00e9sence en Suisse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Il y a une semaine, la France a \u00e9t\u00e9 atteinte au c\u0153ur, \u00e0 Paris. La France, notre voisine \u2013 par la g\u00e9ographie et par les valeurs. La France, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de laquelle nous ressentons ici beaucoup d\u2019amiti\u00e9, une amiti\u00e9 solide, longue ; tr\u00e8s longue, m\u00eame, puisque nous c\u00e9l\u00e9brerons l\u2019an prochain les cinq cents ans de notre trait\u00e9 de \u00ab paix perp\u00e9tuelle \u00bb\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Les attaques de ces derniers temps ont \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9 contre la libert\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, les droits de l\u2019homme ; contre les valeurs fondamentales de l\u2019humanit\u00e9. A Paris, comme \u00e0 Beyrouth, au Sina\u00ef, \u00e0 Yola au Nig\u00e9ria, \u00e0 Bagdad ou ailleurs encore\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Il est des moments difficiles dans la vie ; dans celle des \u00eatres humains comme dans celle des Etats. Il faut alors faire face, debout et unis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La Suisse condamne avec la plus grande fermet\u00e9 ces actes de barbarie. Elle partage la douleur des pays touch\u00e9s, de leurs gouvernements et des proches des victimes. Nous ne c\u00e9derons pas aux intimidations terroristes et sommes d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 travailler encore plus dur pour prot\u00e9ger nos populations et d\u00e9fendre les valeurs fondamentales de l\u2019humanit\u00e9. A nos yeux, il faut donner la premi\u00e8re priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Aujourd\u2019hui, notre monde est devenu plus instable, plus complexe, plus dangereux. La r\u00e9surgence de la violence arm\u00e9e \u2013 des conflits violents et du terrorisme \u2013 affecte toutes nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. Elle engendre d\u2019immenses souffrances humaines et compromet la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 dans le monde. Une barri\u00e8re de feu s\u2019est embras\u00e9e sur les flancs Sud et Est de l\u2019Europe qui allume des foyers jusqu\u2019au c\u0153ur de notre continent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Ces crises sont un d\u00e9fi pour des r\u00e9gions enti\u00e8res, par l\u2019afflux de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui fuient cette violence et les brasiers qui consument leurs maisons. Des millions de personnes ont fui la Syrie, dont l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 se trouve dans les pays voisins de celle-ci. En Jordanie, par exemple, o\u00f9 nous essayons d\u2019aider ; en revitalisant des \u00e9coles : 220&rsquo;000 enfants Syriens se trouvent en Jordanie, 120&rsquo;000 sont pour l\u2019heure scolaris\u00e9s, dans des conditions souvent difficiles, serr\u00e9s parfois jusqu\u2019\u00e0 80 par classe, se rendant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole le ventre creux. 100&rsquo;000 autres enfants sont pour l\u2019heure priv\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, et donc potentiellement priv\u00e9s de perspectives, d\u2019un avenir : une bombe \u00e0 retardement de plus\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Une minorit\u00e9 de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s &#8211; mais tout de m\u00eame des centaines de milliers &#8211; se tournent vers l\u2019Europe, mettant celle-ci au d\u00e9fi : quelles r\u00e9ponses humaines, logistiques et\u00a0 s\u00e9curitaires ? Comment garder la ma\u00eetrise des risques et l\u2019ad\u00e9quation aux valeurs ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Ceci dit, il n\u2019y a pas que les conflits et le terrorisme qui occupent les chancelleries de nos jours. Une deuxi\u00e8me dynamique se dessine clairement : le retour de la g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Ces deux facteurs conjugu\u00e9s \u2013 la g\u00e9opolitique et la violence arm\u00e9e \u2013 marquent notre monde d\u2019une empreinte profonde. Depuis un quart de si\u00e8cle au moins, c\u2019est la mondialisation qui fa\u00e7onne le destin du monde ; et cette grande tendance perdurera. Mais ces deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments &#8211; la g\u00e9opolitique et la violence arm\u00e9e &#8211; red\u00e9finissent les contours de cette mondialisation, avec\u00a0 une incidence nette sur la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Dans notre monde du XXIe si\u00e8cle, les crises ne sont plus l\u2019exception mais la normalit\u00e9. C\u2019est en soi inacceptable \u2013 et il faut le combattre \u2013 mais on ne saurait nier l\u2019\u00e9vidence. Face \u00e0 cela, le besoin de diplomatie atteint un niveau in\u00e9gal\u00e9 depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es. Il faut de la diplomatie au pouvoir, et avant tout de la diplomatie cr\u00e9ative !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Car la situation est sombre aujourd\u2019hui. Nous vivons des temps d\u2019incertitude et les gouvernements fonctionnent en mode de crise quasi permanent. La force du dialogue et la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 de la diplomatie peuvent changer les choses. Et la Suisse peut apporter des contributions utiles \u00e0 cet effet. Cette r\u00e9gion l\u00e9manique et cette ville de Montreux, qui nous accueillent aujourd\u2019hui, en sont un symbole et une r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">De nombreuses conf\u00e9rences de paix et rencontres diplomatiques, publiques ou discr\u00e8tes, ont eu lieu sur les rives de ce lac. Jusque dans cet h\u00f4tel-m\u00eame, o\u00f9 s\u2019est tenue au d\u00e9but de l\u2019an dernier la 2e conf\u00e9rence de paix sur la Syrie. La Suisse a une histoire et un r\u00f4le sp\u00e9cifiques. Elle se sent d\u2019autant plus responsable de cette sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9, tout en \u00e9tant pleinement solidaire du monde.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">C\u2019est au fond de cela dont je souhaite vous parler : les changements du monde et la r\u00e9ponse de la Suisse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Commen\u00e7ons par un zoom arri\u00e8re pour observer un peu mieux cette grande tendance structurelle qu\u2019est la mondialisation. Le principal effet de la mondialisation est de diffuser le pouvoir. Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, lorsqu\u2019on a cru que les rideaux de fer appartenaient d\u00e9finitivement au pass\u00e9 de ce continent, le processus de globalisation a transform\u00e9 le monde, peut-\u00eatre plus que tout autre ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019interconnexion \u00e9conomique, sociale et technologique croissante du monde a renforc\u00e9 le pouvoir de nombreux acteurs. C\u2019est vrai pour les acteurs non \u00e9tatiques comme les ONG, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s multinationales et les m\u00e9gapoles. Mais il y a aussi eu un basculement du pouvoir presque monopolis\u00e9 par les \u00e9conomies d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es vers les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes et en d\u00e9veloppement du Sud et de l\u2019Est.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Les \u00e9carts de d\u00e9veloppement entre les pays du monde se sont resserr\u00e9s. Le nombre de personnes vivant dans l\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement est tomb\u00e9 de 47% en 1990 \u00e0 14% aujourd\u2019hui. Nous sommes donc pass\u00e9s, en vingt-cinq ans, d\u2019une personne sur deux \u00e0 une personne sur sept !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Mais il y a le revers de la m\u00e9daille. La mondialisation a \u00e9galement favoris\u00e9 de nouvelles in\u00e9galit\u00e9s. Le progr\u00e8s \u00e9conomique demeure in\u00e9gal. C\u2019est en Chine et en Inde qu\u2019a eu lieu l\u2019essentiel du recul de la pauvret\u00e9, tandis que l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne reste encore \u00e0 la tra\u00eene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La diffusion rapide des id\u00e9es, des biens et des capitaux ainsi que l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des mouvements de population peuvent par ailleurs accentuer l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 sociale, \u00e9conomique et politique. En Suisse, comme dans d\u2019autres pays de l\u2019OCDE, de nombreuses personnes s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent de l\u2019immigration et de ses cons\u00e9quences en termes de capacit\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9gration, d\u2019am\u00e9nagement d\u2019un territoire d\u00e9j\u00e0 dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9 ou de comp\u00e9tition sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi. Les questions identitaires sont aujourd\u2019hui un sujet politique majeur dans toute l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La mondialisation peut \u00eatre une force positive et offrir de formidables opportunit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9. Mais il faut la fa\u00e7onner de sorte \u00e0 en maximiser les avantages et \u00e0 en minimiser les inconv\u00e9nients. Comme toujours, il faut chercher un point d\u2019\u00e9quilibre : la mondialisation ne peut pas progresser si elle est per\u00e7ue comme un risque pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, si elle va trop vite, si seule une minorit\u00e9 en tire avantage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Faire progresser et non pas seulement avancer : c\u2019est l\u00e0 la cl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019agenda de la mondialisation, c\u2019est donc maintenir un ordre juste et pacifique ; c\u2019est aussi veiller \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des institutions nationales et internationales ; c\u2019est encore assurer la coh\u00e9sion de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. C\u2019est enfin d\u00e9finir des r\u00e9ponses communes aux nombreux enjeux, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des menaces transnationales ou des d\u00e9fis globaux comme le climat, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l\u2019eau, les migrations, l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Cette recherche d\u2019un n\u00e9cessaire \u00e9quilibre, pour faire \u00ab bien tourner le monde \u00bb a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 un d\u00e9fi majeur. Il l\u2019est d\u2019autant plus aujourd\u2019hui, en raison des deux \u00e9volutions que j\u2019ai mentionn\u00e9es: le retour de la g\u00e9opolitique et la r\u00e9surgence de la violence arm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Le retour de la g\u00e9opolitique est un effet secondaire de la mondialisation. Bien qu\u2019un monde multipolaire ne soit pas n\u00e9cessairement un obstacle \u00e0 un multilat\u00e9ralisme efficace, l\u2019action collective est devenue plus complexe. Elle demande davantage d\u2019engagement, de temps et d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Or les grandes puissances semblent d\u00e9finir leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats davantage dans un esprit de confrontation que de coop\u00e9ration. Les normes internationales et le droit international sont l\u2019objet de pressions croissantes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La comp\u00e9tition g\u00e9opolitique s\u2019est amplifi\u00e9e non seulement au niveau plan\u00e9taire, mais aussi dans des contextes r\u00e9gionaux.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019\u00e9quilibre existant est remis en question dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions du monde, notamment en Asie de l\u2019Est (avec les tensions dans la mer de Chine), en Europe (avec l\u2019Ukraine) et au Moyen-Orient (dans une s\u00e9rie de conflits). Dans toutes ces parties du monde, nous assistons \u00e0 un bouleversement des \u00e9quilibres r\u00e9gionaux et \u00e0 la r\u00e9\u00e9mergence de nations qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 de grandes puissances dans un pass\u00e9 parfois lointain, qui avaient marqu\u00e9 le monde au fil des si\u00e8cles. Pensons au retour de la Chine ou de l\u2019Inde, deux puissance qui d\u00e9tenaient la plus grande part du PIB mondial jusqu\u2019au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle, pensons \u00e0 l\u2019Iran, pensons \u00e0 la Russie et \u00e0 la Turquie, ces ponts entre l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Asie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La g\u00e9opolitique rel\u00e8ve du choix des gouvernements, elle n\u2019est pas un fait donn\u00e9. Il nous appartient de d\u00e9montrer que nous aurions tous avantage \u00e0 choisir des solutions coop\u00e9ratives plut\u00f4t que des logiques d\u2019exclusion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Dans le dossier du nucl\u00e9aire iranien, le pays concern\u00e9 et les grandes puissances ont choisi\u00a0 la voie de la diplomatie plut\u00f4t que celle de la confrontation. La Suisse s\u2019en r\u00e9jouit et elle a fortement soutenu ce processus, qui s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 notamment dans cette r\u00e9gion et \u2013 lui aussi, d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment\u2026 &#8211; dans cet h\u00f4tel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Cet esprit de coordination et de dialogue &#8211; au-del\u00e0 des divergences imm\u00e9diates &#8211; parviendra-t-il \u00e0 s\u2019imposer \u00e9galement pour trouver une solution dans la crise syrienne ? La communaut\u00e9 internationale va-t-elle lutter efficacement et sur la base de d\u00e9cisions de l\u2019ONU contre le soi-disant \u00ab Etat islamique \u00bb ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019avenir nous le dira. Mais le r\u00e9tablissement du consensus, la reconstruction d\u2019un ordre juste et pacifique demande aussi de reconna\u00eetre qu\u2019il existe des limites \u00e0 l\u2019universalisme occidental, que la mondialisation &#8211; dirig\u00e9e par l\u2019Occident pendant plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle &#8211; \u00e9volue vers la multipolarit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">La r\u00e9surgence de la violence arm\u00e9e constitue un deuxi\u00e8me obstacle qui emp\u00eache d\u2019avancer sur la voie du d\u00e9veloppement et de r\u00e9colter les fruits de la mondialisation. Bien que des chercheurs nous rappellent que le nombre de conflits violents tend en fait \u00e0 diminuer \u00e0 long terme, nous devons relever deux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes actuels :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Premi\u00e8rement, le nombre de victimes est en forte progression. On estime que si les conflits violents ont fait 56\u2019000 morts en 2008, ce nombre est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 180\u2019000 en 2014. La guerre en Syrie a caus\u00e9 \u00e0 elle seule la mort de 70\u2019000 personnes l\u2019an dernier. Selon le HCR \u00e0 fin 2014, le monde comptait 60 millions de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes, un nombre in\u00e9gal\u00e9 depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Second ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne : l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 et la violence ont consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 dans le voisinage m\u00eame de l\u2019Europe. A l\u2019Est de l\u2019Europe, la crise ukrainienne a marqu\u00e9 le retour de la guerre sur le continent, ce qui semblait impensable il y a peu. Au Sud, la situation s\u2019est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e en de nombreux endroits. D\u2019anciens conflits non r\u00e9solus, comme le conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien, et des guerres plus r\u00e9centes en Syrie, au Y\u00e9men, en Libye ont plong\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion dans une crise profonde. Et le terrorisme djihadiste progresse, favoris\u00e9 par la d\u00e9faillance des Etats.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Les effets du retour de la violence arm\u00e9e sont immenses : dans les r\u00e9gions en proie \u00e0 des conflits, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 humaine recule, l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique est entrav\u00e9e \u2013 aujourd\u2019hui les deux tiers de la population syrienne d\u00e9pendent de l\u2019aide humanitaire alors que plus de 4 millions de personnes ont fui le pays &#8211; et les progr\u00e8s du d\u00e9veloppement sont r\u00e9duits \u00e0 n\u00e9ant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019Europe n\u2019est pas non plus \u00e9pargn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019une part, elle doit faire face \u00e0 un important afflux de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, qui cherchent \u00e0 fuir cette violence. Elaborer une r\u00e9ponse appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 cette crise est devenue l\u2019un des plus grands d\u00e9fis que l\u2019Europe ait eu \u00e0 relever ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">D\u2019autre part &#8211; et nous devons faire une claire distinction entre les deux sujets &#8211; l\u2019Europe est devenue davantage la cible d\u2019attaques terroristes. Avec les attaques de Paris, le terrorisme de \u00ab l\u2019Etat Islamique \u00bb a pris une nouvelle dimension.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 qui pr\u00e9valent au Moyen-Orient sont de plus en plus li\u00e9es \u00e0 la situation de l\u2019Europe. La menace du terrorisme continuera par ailleurs s\u00fbrement de peser sur notre continent, m\u00eame si nous mettons tout en \u0153uvre pour la r\u00e9duire.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Ladies and gentlemen<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Where does Switzerland stand in this greater scheme of things?<br \/>\nSwitzerland is a highly globalised country that has benefited from a stable and open global economy. According to several rankings, Switzerland figures among the ten most globalised countries worldwide, and has among the most innovative and competitive economies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">With its export-oriented, competitive, and innovative economy and its open society, it has benefitted significantly from the opportunities provided by globalisation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">This also means that our prosperity and security depend on a stable and open international environment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Switzerland therefore has a strong interest in contributing to the search for cooperative solutions to these challenges. Our way forward lies in a continuing willingness to act, create and shape rather than in immobility. In our own interest, we would be badly inspired to opt for fear and self-confinement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">In the emerging multipolar world, Switzerland does not belong to one of the power centres. We are a European country promoting European values, and the EU is our most important partner. But Switzerland conducts its own foreign policy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Our independence enables us to build bridges, to work with a broad range of partners, and to develop our own initiatives.<br \/>\nThe more than 170 Swiss representations worldwide are a good basis for this.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">In today\u2019s world, Switzerland is not a small but a middle power. We are not so big as to frighten others. We are not part of any geopolitical power play. But neither are we too small to be heard and make an impact.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Switzerland belongs to the 20 biggest economies worldwide and ranks as number seven in Europe \u2013 and this despite a population that corresponds to that of a city like Paris!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Switzerland is the 15th biggest contributor to the UN regular budget.\u00a0 And we are leaders in innovation, not just in technology and business &#8211; but we do also try to conduct an innovative diplomacy!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Swiss foreign policy mirrors characteristics of our domestic political culture \u2013 this is its inner strength. We promote dialogue and a culture of compromise. We stand for inclusive solutions, for power-sharing arrangements, for human rights and humanitarian principles, for taming the powerful through law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">This explains that Switzerland has been able \u2013 with its different languages and religions \u2013 to \u201ckeep the peace\u201d along the centuries.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">I am convinced that these principles and values are more relevant than ever. Based on this we can \u2013 and will \u2013 do more.<br \/>\nSo, what is Switzerland\u2019s response to the current global changes? How do we engage? Let me make four points:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">&#8211;\u00a0We are addressing the refugee crisis<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0We are enhancing our efforts to resolve conflicts, fight terrorism and promote peace and security<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0We factor the need for peace into our development agenda<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0And, for all the preoccupation with crisis management, we preserve space and capacity to contribute to efforts to advance the implementation of the globalisation agenda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">First, the refugee crisis: It has taken on dimensions unimaginable just months ago.\u00a0 This has become another major crisis that must be urgently dealt with \u2013 on top of everything else. The challenge is both political and moral. While it is telling that the refugees seek to flee to liberal democracies in the North, these liberal democracies \u2013 we in Europe \u2013 must now demonstrate our ability to come up with a joint response based on solidarity, the Geneva Conventions and effective implementation of the measures we have agreed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Switzerland has given shelter to more than 9,000 Syrians since the outbreak of the war. We are working closely with the EU on addressing the refugee crisis on our continent. Switzerland participates in the relocation scheme. We are also contributing to EU efforts to better secure Europe\u2019s borders, providing both financial and personnel resources.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Reflecting Switzerland\u2019s humanitarian tradition, priorities in recent months has been to rapidly make available more humanitarian assistance for refugees in the conflict-affected regions \u2013 before winter sets in. But international efforts are still insufficient and more will be necessary in the months to come.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Second point: Switzerland is stepping up its commitment to peace and security. This will be reflected in the Federal Council\u2019s Foreign Policy Strategy for the coming four years, which we are currently elaborating. Containing, de-escalating and resolving the many crises and reducing the level of armed violence has become one of the key tasks of our time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Over the past fifteen years, Switzerland has developed a unique set of instruments to transform conflicts, protect civilians in conflicts, and advance human security.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">As chair of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) last year, we demonstrated that thanks to its unique role, Switzerland can make useful contributions to defuse crises.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">One of the fields we want to expand is our mediation capacity. Mediation is what Switzerland is particularly good at, and mediation is what is particularly needed on the international stage these days. We will broaden and further professionalise our pool of mediators and experts to consolidate our leading role in this field. And we will continue to offer our services to facilitate peace talks, in International Geneva or elsewhere.<br \/>\nAnother key field is obviously terrorism. Two months ago, the Swiss Government approved a national strategy to counter terrorism. It is based on the four pillars of prevention, law enforcement, protection and crisis management provisions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Prevention is a major focus, and we strengthen it in two major ways: First, with a new Intelligence Service Act that has now passed Parliament (but may still be up to a referendum). Second, we have made the prevention of violent extremism a new priority issue within Swiss foreign policy. Providing those vulnerable to violent extremism with alternative opportunities is a tremendous task. Development and peace promoting measures must be applied for counterterrorist purposes: from youth employment to the promotion of political participation by actors who can speak credibly to young people at risk. We are in the process of devising our first action plan on preventing violent extremism. Working with the UN in this field will be an important part.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Let me give your three examples how we engage in the field of preventing violent extremism:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">i)\u00a0First we promote international cooperation and norm-building on this issue. The UN is expected to present its first Plan of Action of Prevent Violent Extremism by the end of this year. Switzerland will co-host in the spring of next year an international conference in Geneva to discuss the implementation of this action plan. Building such a common roof for the international community is essential for effective action against violent extremism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">ii)\u00a0Second Switzerland runs its own projects on the ground. Our country is fortunate to have one of the lowest youth unemployment rates in Europe. This is due in large parts to our vocational education and training system that facilitates the integration of youth into the labour market and provides the economy with the skills that are needed. In several countries such as Tunisia or Afghanistan, Switzerland is contributing to vocational training projects. We are convinced that offering real perspectives to young people is key to preventing them from turning towards violent extremism. As we announced at the leader\u2019s summit on the prevention of violent extremism in New York two months ago, Switzerland will host an expert-level meeting on professional training next year in Geneva. The meeting will be focussing on the role vocational training can play in creating perspectives and foster resilience in regions particularly at risk with regard to violent extremism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">iii)\u00a0Third Switzerland also supports substantially the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). This is a public-private initiative based in Geneva that was established to serve as the first global effort to support local, community-level initiatives aimed at strengthening resilience against violent extremism. The GCERF is about to announce concrete projects in Bangladesh, Mali and Nigeria. We encourage both public and private actors to support the GCERF.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Such measures will mainly have mid- and long-term effects.<br \/>\nBy far the most important short-term priority to reduce armed violence and advance security is to end the war in Syria:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">&#8211; This would give Syrians a chance to rebuild their country.<br \/>\n&#8211; This would give the displaced a perspective of returning home.<br \/>\n&#8211; This would also improve the prospects of diminishing IS.<\/p>\n<p>Switzerland supports the efforts of UN Special Envoy de Mistura to foster intra-Syrian dialogue. We can help with expertise and, if required, with financial resources and Geneva logistics. Any political transition must be Syrian-led and Syrian-owned. But it is important that the regional and world powers create an enabling environment. In this regard, it is encouraging that the US and Russia, despite all their differences, have now established a Syria Support Group, with Saudi-Arabia and Iran sitting at the same table.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Switzerland calls on all actors involved to translate their shared solidarity expressions over the Paris attacks into a concrete common effort to stop the violence in Syria. Only then is there a chance to make progress towards the declared objective of credible, inclusive, non-sectarian governance, with a new constitution and free and fair elections.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Our third response to the current global changes concerns what I have just hinted at: The ever more obvious nexus between development and armed violence. There can be no development without peace, and no peace without development.<br \/>\nThis has been acknowledged by the new framework for international cooperation, the Agenda 2030. \u201cPeaceful and inclusive societies\u201d is one of 17 Sustainable Development Goals.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">If we want to further reduce poverty, advance sustainable development and prevent violent extremism, we must transform fragile states into peaceful, inclusive and stable states. This is quite easy to say\u2026! It requires a lot of work. Beginning by complementing traditional development activities with peace- and state-building measures. Today, half of Switzerland\u2019s development partners are fragile states. Addressing the causes of their fragility, increasing their crisis resistance and improving their human rights situation will be an ever more important objective in the years ahead. It is challenging although necessary.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">This brings me to the fourth and final point of Switzerland\u2019s response to the current developments: While my country can &#8211; and must &#8211; contribute to managing the current crises, advancing the globalisation agenda must remain a priority. We must be careful not to forget these long term goals while we invest time and energy in the management of the crises. I am thinking of our contributions to the debate on reforming the United Nations and of our ideas to strengthen the OSCE\u2019s capacity to act; of our efforts to promote cooperative security in East Asia and the Middle East; of our engagement for non-proliferation and disarmament; of our joint initiative with the ICRC to strengthen compliance with international humanitarian law; or of our Programmes to address themes such as climate change,<br \/>\nfood security, migration, and water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">In our eyes water must be a topic for cooperation, not an issue for war \u2013 this is why we launched an international panel on water and peace last Monday in Geneva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Ladies and Gentlemen,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Once again, I would like to thank you to be here in Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">I would like to thank you to be here to debate common challenges with regard to our community on this planet.<br \/>\nDialogue, diplomacy, creativity: we need all of this; and gatherings such as this \u201cWorld Policy Conference\u201d builds precisely on them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">In the face of common challenges, in this quest for a new equilibrium, I think that Switzerland, the spirit of this region, the spirit of Geneva \u2013 a spirit of peace and cooperation \u2013 can help and inspire us all.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">I wish you a warm welcome, a nice day and every success in your work!<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\">\n<hr align=\"center\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\"><b>Address for enquiries<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Information FDFA<br \/>\nBundeshaus West<br \/>\nCH-3003 Bern<br \/>\nTel.: +41 58 462 31 53<br \/>\nFax: +41 58 464 90 47<br \/>\nE-Mail: info@eda.admin.ch<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\">\n<hr align=\"center\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\"><b>Publisher<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">Federal Department of Foreign Affairs<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eda.admin.ch\/eda\/en\/home\/recent\/media.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.eda.admin.ch\/eda\/en\/home\/recent\/media.html\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>20.11.2015 Montreux,\u00a020.11.2015\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Address by the Federal Councillor Didier Burkhalter on the occasion of the World Policy Conference in Montreux &#8211; Check against delivery Monsieur le Pr\u00e9sident, Mesdames et Messieurs, Merci de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-5578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-press-review","tag-20"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5578\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldpolicyconference.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}