Compendium
2008
Photo Credits
CLASH VISUEL, © Bahi
© Jean-Marc Charles
Abderrahim Annag and Le Team-Briefing
© Christophe Peus
Cover photo: Steeve Iuncker, © Agence VU
All rights reserved.
Any translation or reproduction by any means
whatsoever is prohibited in all countries.
ISBN 978-2-86592-918-4
EAN 9782865929184
In this early part of the 21st century, the world is facing changes of unprecedented speed and complexity. The urgent need to strengthen global governance seems increasingly apparent.
The success of the first three World Policy Conferences (WPC) proves the relevance of our approach. A major centre of reflection, debate and informal meetings, the WPC has become the not-to-be-missed forum on the global governance agenda.
The purpose of this publication is to describe the WPC's concept, objectives and originality, notably through visuals and testimonials by personalities who share our commitment.
THEThe World Policy Conference (WPC) was launched at the end of 2007 on the basis of three simple complementary ideas.
The first concerns the nature of globalisation. This process, the roots of which lie in the revolution in information and communication technologies, has resulted in a change both in the nature and the degree of interdependence. Thus, today, any political, economic or environmental shock in any part of the world may have repercussions of an unpredictable nature or extent on any other part of the world.
Politically, the chain of events affecting the Arab world since the beginning of 2011 is a good illustration of the qualitative transformation of global interdependence. True, it is not the first time that there has been a "Springtime of the Peoples." The examples of the European revolutions of 1830 or especially 1848 immediately come to mind. At that time, France was the source of these revolutionary shock waves.
The ingredients of the revolutionary movements in 1830 and 1848 were aspirations for the free exercise of sovereignty, the poverty of the population and the existence of a middle-class elite, whose members shared a common culture, kept themselves informed and communicated more with each other and at a faster and faster pace.
This already happened at the end of last century with the financial crisis in Thailand, which, in a way, foreshadowed the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-2008. This crisis nearly plunged the world into a depression that could have been even more catastrophic than the Great Depression of the 1930s. As I write, we are still a long way from drawing all the lessons for the future. The world's major economic powers are still reluctant to concede sovereignty in matters of economic policy.
contemporary insurgencies are driven by Facebook), but was bred by an economic and social crisis as well as democratic aspirations. The revolutionary wave began in Paris in February, with the fall of the "Citizen King" and the proclamation of the Republic, and then spread fast.
In July 1830, the people of Paris rose up against the reactionary ordinances issued by King Charles X, which undermined basic freedoms, notably freedom of the press. This revolt triggered a wave of protests which would affect the whole of Europe, but would have few consequences. In 1848, France was again the epicentre of another upheaval in Europe. This new revolt was driven by the press (in the same way as
The events that occurred between the end of 2010 and early 2011 had similar ingredients. What is new is the extent of the repercussions of this new historical experience, which go well beyond its cultural or civilisational areas. No authoritarian state can feel entirely safe from revolutionary contagion. As a result, the international system as a whole is structurally unstable and could slide in the best or worst of directions. Whatever the justifications may be, invoking the principle of national sovereignty is becoming a weak defence. It is now conceivable that a shock occurring in a country such as Tunisia can end up having a major impact on any other continent.
The second significant fact is resolution 1973 of 17th March 2011 on Libya with, in this particular case, its invocation of the duty to protect the civilian population, a principle which had been stated for the first time by the Millennium Declaration (on the 60th anniversary of UNO) in 2005. This principle advocates a form of right to intervene in that it forbids rulers from waging war on one section of their population to stay in power. Any acts that contravene this principle may justify intervention by the "international community." At the same time, international criminal justice is gaining legitimacy. From now on, no head of state or former head of state can feel totally safe from prosecution for crimes against humanity that he may have committed.
In the effervescence currently stirring the African continent, two significant facts that bode well for the future have particularly caught our attention. The first one concerns Côte d'Ivoire. For the first time in its history, the United Nations Security Council took a stand – on 8th December 2010 – on the result of the presidential elections in a UN member state. Such a decision would have had no legitimacy without the support of the African states. Yet four dramatic months elapsed before Laurent Gbagbo was forced to leave the presidential palace in Abidjan in favour of Alassane Ouattara, the head of state recognised by the "international community."
On the other hand, it will become more and more difficult to make a ruler who is a criminal step down in return for immunity from prosecution. Laurent Gbagbo was dislodged, with difficulty, in Abidjan under pressure from France, but these are the ultimate consequences of the operations carried out to counter Colonel Gaddafi's forces in Libya, which will in future weigh heavily on the case-by-case interpretation and implementation of this nascent right to intervene. Be that as it may, as time goes by, the distinction between domestic and external foreign affairs will be less and less clear-cut. Barring a new form of division in the world and a new form of cold war, this long-term trend seems irreversible.
The qualitative transformation of interdependence has not occurred only in economic and political affairs. The drama that befell Japan in March 2011 will have lasting consequences across the planet, way beyond its macroeconomic effects. This is obvious in regard to the future of the nuclear industry and energy policies in general throughout the world. What is less clear is the impact that the Japanese catastrophe will have on the international division of labour. Decisions by companies on where to locate their activities or their outsourcing will now have to take account of risks previously underestimated or ignored. In addition to all of this, the climate change that is now under way is evidenced by the intensification of extreme phenomena that increase the number and scale of major hazards.
One is obliged to recognise that the field of international relations now falls within this scope, which poses formidable problems of governance for the "international community," as any delay in the joint reaction to a shock risks amplifying the consequences dramatically. Now, it is always difficult to react immediately to a major discontinuity, even when the possibility had been envisaged and even prepared for. Semantically, the word governance has come to the fore in reaction to the dream of a world government – which some intellectuals in 1945 still believed possible – or to the mirage of lasting peace, in the tradition of the Abbot of Saint- Pierre or Immanuel Kant.
In short, this leads us to assert that the new world interdependence is marked by the phenomenon of non-linearity, that is to say the non-proportionality of cause and effect on a global scale. Identified at the beginning of the 20th century by French mathematician Henri Poincaré and popularised in the early 1960s – after the work of meteorologist Edward Lorenz – under the catchy name of the butterfly effect, non-linearity is behind numerous natural phenomena such as earthquakes. In general, the science of complexity focuses on what non-linear interdependencies of all kinds have in common.
The second complementary idea behind the WPC is that international relations are still centred on relations between states. In 2007, it seemed clear to me that the ideology of globalisation postulating the abolition of borders and the dissolution of the state had had its day. In fact, the world remains structured around the states as the basic political units. From the legal point of view, states are characterised by a territory, a population and a government. More fundamentally, a sustainable state is based on a people unified by a common culture and organised around institutions whose role is to define and implement public goods, and in general to translate the collective reality into actions directed towards both the outside world and the domestic scene.
The notion of a public good, which was first specified by economists, covers non-rival and non-excludable goods. Non-rivalry means that consumption of a good by a member of a political entity does not reduce availability of the same good for consumption by other members of the political entity.
These considerations
may seem abstract, but they are
necessary to establish any discourse on
a slightly more precise basis. For example,
national security can be regarded as
a public good for the nationals of a given
state.
We can almost state that the "abstract"
public good from which the "concrete"
public goods are derived is
Nonexcludable means that it is impossible to prevent any member of the political entity from using the good in question as much as the other members – save by compulsion or by violence, over which, according to Max Weber, the state should legally have a monopoly and, if it is based on the rule of law, the legitimate right to use.
the political unit itself, in that it aims to preserve its existence. The important point is to understand that any public good is inseparable from the political unit to which it refers, and from its governance. That is why, strictly speaking, it is still not really possible to speak of a world public good.
And yet, as I recalled above, the impact
of globalisation is a major increase in the
external effects or externalities affecting
the various political units, that is to say
that any state may be deeply affected by actions
or events within other states.
If in some areas, such as energy, climate,
health or more generally security, this
general interdependence ends up by prevailing
over the purely internal realities,
we will be able to speak metaphorically
of a common good of humanity as a whole
or even of global public goods. Perhaps
we are approaching this stage now.
In operational terms we are thus brought
back to the notion of global governance.
It is here that the problems arise.
Whether in war and peace, economics
and finance, or also the satisfaction of
basic human needs such as energy, food
and water, no world government or leader
exists,
The EU appears to be a new type of political unit in the making, featuring economic opening up and the search for peaceful solutions to conflicts, within the framework of an increase in shared sovereignty, a process not imposed, as in the former imperial systems, but accepted on a contractual basis and as a more and more irreversible process. Even at EU level, this development has not been without pain, without opposition or without temporary setbacks. Even more so, at world level, sharing sovereignties will certainly not happen in the short term and will go through many metamorphoses. But sharing is the inevitable consequence of globalisation. Without officially supported sharing of sovereignties and without mechanisms of solidarity – because one leads to the other – there is a risk that the type of interdependence created by globalisation will, in fact, lead to disasters due to the phenomenon of non-linearity already mentioned.
but the states will be led inexorably
to cooperate more and more closely
to increase the positive externalities, reduce
the negative externalities, in short,
to advance in the direction of the common
good of humanity. In most fields, the
mechanisms for cooperation are still in
their infancy. This is the case for climate
change, but why not also wonder about,
for example, the effectiveness and even
the legitimacy of the G20, which was
formed at the level of heads of state and
government in the autumn of 2008 in response
to the worsening financial crisis?
As global governance develops, political
units will start to interact on a world scale
in ways similar to what is now happening
within the European Union (EU).
From this point of
view, the economic and financial crisis of
the past few years seems like a warning.
That said, the officially supported sharing
of sovereignty raises immense difficulties
for the adaptation of political institutions.
On the one hand, the organisation of international
cooperation cannot wait for
political systems and modes of national
governance to become homogenous. In
this regard, for global governance to be
viable, the principal states that make up
the international system must adhere to
basic ethical principles such as Human Rights, and eventually to the gradual
emergence of a more rigid or inflexible
system of international public law, as is
already happening in the field of trade
and commerce.
On the other hand, within
democratic countries the question arises
of how their institutions are to adapt to
ensure the legitimacy of the new modes
of governance.
Increasingly, national governments have
authority to represent states in interstate
decision-making bodies. Now, in
the United States or in the European democracies,
for example, the citizens still
claim to elect people who really govern
them and are not merely delegates attending
institutions over which they have
no direct control. This hiatus can only
worsen. In these circumstances, everyone
can see that we are in a race against
the clock. The reconfiguration of national
and international forms of governance is
by nature a slow process and subject to
fits and starts.
Firstly, as we have seen, states must reform themselves in order to participate constructively in global governance, which requires a revolution in people's mindsets. Within each state, active units must work at changing people's attitudes. In fact, this applies to all the other pieces in the jigsaw puzzle of governance, and so I apply this to all of them. Obviously, in this regard, NGOs and think tanks have a special role to play.
So we risk living for long
periods under the sword of Damocles of
major destabilisation caused by events
which are hard or even impossible to predict,
to which the "international community"
would not be capable of responding
properly. This is a radical difference with
the cold war era.
I now come to the third complementary
idea: the construction of the new international
system – or rather of its governance
– is not just a matter for states,
or all the more so for the most powerful
among them, even though states are still
the main political units of this system,
and even though it is evident that the distribution
of collective power is still essentially
a decisive factor in terms of action.
Obviously, in this regard, NGOs and think tanks have a special role to play. Secondly, as always, one must confront the effectiveness / legitimacy dilemma. An effective decision-making body must be composed of a limited number of members. To be legitimate, these members must show that they have the capacity and will to allocate resources to a good that transcends them, which means taking into account the interests of all parties concerned, who must therefore be able to make their voices heard. In practice, it is often through certain key figures or organisations that the "small countries" can exert an influence at an international level.
Thirdly, although it is true that states are and will long remain the principal legitimate political units, they are not the only ones. If the globalisation process is not interrupted by an accident, which could only be dramatic, a number of international institutions are destined to play a growing
role: world institutions (starting with the UN, the bedrock of international public law) or regional institutions (African Union, Arab League, etc.); general institutions (such as those just mentioned) or specialised institutions (the IMF, the World Bank, the International
Energy Agency, the World
Health Organisation, etc.). These
institutions must also continually adapt,
beginning with the UN, which was
established in 1945 in a specific global
context. Moreover, I have already
mentioned the European Union, which
is not an international institution like the others insofar as – de facto as well as
de jure – it seems more like a new type of
political unit, which is constantly
evolving. This unit is a kind of political
laboratory which is relevant to the world
as a whole and involves a number of
players capable of making their contribution
to the establishment of better global
governance.
Fourthly, in most cases, public decisionmaking
bodies must lay the groundwork
of decision-making with the principal
active units affected by their decisions.
For example, the financial crisis of
2007-2008 was caused by the failure of
regulatory authorities, especially in the
United States, to act proactively.
Today, a state, and generally speaking any political unit, is always composed of a group of individuals and institutions immersed in a given culture, which helps to mould them and which, conversely, they can gradually modify as well. Now, globalisation puts political units permanently in close contact with each other and brings about a gigantic intermingling of individuals and institutions of all nationalities, all this on an unprecedented scale in the history of Humanity. Consequently, cultures and civilisations influence each other as never before. Suffice it to mention, in this regard, the penetration of Asian religions and spirituality into the West. Some lament and fear loss of identity, but all too often because identity is seen as being static. Others, on the other hand, stress the mutual enrichment and benefits of increased exchanges that go well beyond the trading of physical goods.
This
failure was itself the consequence of the
dominant ideology in the two previous
decades, which featured blind faith in the
"intelligence of the markets." For all that,
the "comeback" of the states and
therefore of political decision-making
should not result in the imposition of
arbitrary measures in any field whatsoever.
In banking, for example, the obligation
to have a higher capital adequacy
floor than before the crisis seems to be
necessary, but going too far could have
the undesirable effect of slowing the
financing of the economy and therefore
of slowing growth. In this particular case,
the public authorities need to consult
with the financial institutions to draw up
an appropriate policy. This also applies to
insurance. In industry, typically energy or
the environment, consultations between
the public authorities and professionals
concerned is needed in the same way,
as also in healthcare, etc.
These considerations bring us back to the question of world public goods. On the one hand, we must admit that no matter how rapidly it is occurring, this intermingling aspect of globalisation will not for a long time lead to the emergence of a world political unity. As I have already said, the European Union itself is still a long way from being a well rounded political unit. On the other hand, although the notion of a public good stems from the notion of political unity, we may be tempted to put the cart before the horse and declare that global public goods do indeed exist.
Beyond the compelling example of climate change, we could usefully reflect, for example, on how to prevent natural disasters and organise disaster relief operations when they occur. If we could identify some global public goods correctly and have them recognised as such by public opinion in different parts of the world (and, I emphasise, not by "global public opinion") over the
heads of governments, the situation would be reversed: world political unity would then be built from global public goods. More modestly, we could at last talk seriously of an "international community." We are certainly not there yet; far from it. But as this ultimately concerns the future of Humanity, we must look out for any bottom-up initiative capable of furthering this noble objective.
Moreover, experience shows that public
organisations of all kinds rarely manage
to reform themselves from the top down,
without the bottom-up stimulus and/or
constraints exerted by their environment.
These, then, are the ideas that led me in
2007 to set up the World Policy Conference
(WPC). I had become aware of the
fact that in the vast field of international
conferences nothing had specifically
been done to advance the cause of global
governance on all fronts by bringing together
states and other stakeholders desirous
and capable of making a constructive
contribution to the achievement of
this objective. I should like to add that,
as far as private initiatives go, the conferences
that have shown the most interest
in global governance are held mostly in
the Anglo-Saxon cultural world. Because
it is of European and, more specifically,
French origin, the WPC proceeds from a
different but not extraneous perspective.
In particular,
their influence should not stifle
that of smallest states, whose voices must therefore be heard. One immediate
dimension of the common good is solidarity
in preventing and managing natural
disasters. – Globalisation has helped to increase
the number of non-state players with
international reach (companies, nongovernmental
organisations, think tanks,
etc.). Good governance should favour
their initiatives with a view to achieving
the common good and allowing closer
cooperation between these players, states
and international organisations, structured
according to the fields concerned.
– The European Union deserves special
attention as a laboratory producing a new
type of political unity based on contractual
sharing of sovereignty between
member states, with a view to promoting
their prosperity and security.
The principles of the WPC can be summed
up as follows:
– Because of its political, economic and
environmental aspects, the world is a
complex system which needs a type
of governance that is both flexible and
strong. The forms of such governance
must be of a kind that allows it to adapt
quickly to changing circumstances which
are partly unpredictable.
– The states, as the main political units,
are collectively responsible for orientating
the "world system," with the support
of global or regional, general or specialised
international organisations. The
overall architecture must be constantly
adapted, in pursuit of a better trade-off
between partially contradictory objectives
of effectiveness and legitimacy. Good
governance requires the most powerful
states to devote part of their resources
to the common good of the world.
The European
experience is interesting in itself,
but also because it can be an inspiration
for other regional experiments, and foreshadow
what global governance could
become in a century or two.
– Good global governance does not imply
the total homogenisation of the political
regimes of the states that make up the
international system and even less any
form of cultural uniformisation. However,
it requires the identification of universal
values that are truly shared by the members
of what we could then really call
the "international community." A more
effective system of international law
would be based on these values.
On the basis of these principles, the aim
of the WPC is, over a period of time, to
make a useful contribution to the literally
vital task of improving global governance,
in all its aspects. Global governance
forms a whole, which means that
its different components are interdependent.
That is why we have chosen not to
devote each conference to a particular
aspect, but to examine the big picture
on each occasion. This choice does not
prevent us from varying the perspectives
and in no way precludes us from taking
more specific, theme-based or regional
initiatives when the time comes. In the
same spirit, in order to make the WPC's
contribution useful, we want to bring
together public and private leaders of
the highest level, as well as independent
individuals known for their competence
or their wisdom.
For all of these reasons, the WPC is not simply one more conference in what is already quite a crowded scene. We are not so naïve as to think that it is enough to bring together men and women of goodwill from time to time to solve the fundamental and difficult question of the adaptation of global governance in such a turbulent environment as the one that exists at the beginning of the 21st century.
We want to try to have the different regions
and cultures of the world represented,
to have the voices of small and
medium-sized states heard, irrespective
of the size or "power" of these countries.
The conference does not create a
divide between "speakers" and "participants."
Both are invited on the basis of
their capacity to contribute actively to
the subject of global governance, in the
constructive and tolerant spirit to which
we subscribe. Regardless of the size or
"power" of their country or the organisation
they belong to, everyone is invited to
contribute their ideas and their proposals.
Because it aims to become a major
forum of debate on everything to do with
global governance, the WPC is open to
the international press and provides facilities
to match this ambition in terms of
digital communication.
But we think it is possible to draw on the experience, the thoughts and the energy of the best among the stakeholders and thinkers from different walks of international life – at least of those who adhere to a basic set of humanist values – to help build a safer world effectively. In the end, it is the security of Humanity that is at stake, and there is no security without empathy, without tolerance, and without justice. At this level, ethics, politics and economics are in harmony.
Thierry de Montbrial
May 2011
Through action-oriented dialogue, the WPC seeks to
help decision makersdesign the future of the global
system and to mobilise the efforts of the world's
leading actors in favour of the general interest. The
three meeting formats – namely, the plenary sessions,
workshops and lunch or dinner debates – are based
on the concept of constructive public-private
interaction at the highest level. During plenary
sessions, speakers each have an exclusive and
equal right to the floor, regardless of their home
country's status on the world stage.
François Fillon
Speech delivered by Thierry de Montbrial -
Opening session - October 6, 2008 - Evian, France
"Partnership for positive global change, can be taken as a pointer
to the state of our world. (…) Likewise, the global level of devotion to
ensuring better prospects for all will be a serious determinant of where
our world is going. (…) Abold determination to unite the world in longterm
commitment to humanitarian and development-oriented solutions,
building on shared responsibility and aiming for realisation of the UN's
'global partnership of equals,' is a vital step for us all, no matter where
in the world we come from."
Raila Amolo ODINGA
Plenary session - October 6, 2008 - Evian, France
Kofi ANNAN
Opening session - October 31, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
His Majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco
Speech delivered by Taïeb Fassi Fihri - Opening session - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"The US and Europe, when I was growing up, were the models, the
examples for developing countries to seek knowledge and experience.
The last few weeks particularly have shown that these examples have
not reached our expectations. When the issues of economics, politics
and social development are considered, we see a lot of double standards
being applied throughout the world. (…) The standard aid or aim
of aid proposed by the United Nations for the rich countries is that they
should give aid in the proportion of 0.4% of their GDP for the rest of
the poor countries. Saudi Arabia over the last 30 years in particular has
given in terms of aid, 4% not 0,4 % of its GDP."
HRH Turki
AL FAISAL
Plenary session - October 6, 2008 - Evian, France
"The Balkanization of the Balkans can be reversed.
European Union membership is the region's only way to consolidate both integration
and reconciliation. (…) We all know that there are dozens of breakaway
(…) My country supports the deepening of Europe's engagement in
any part of Serbia, including Kosovo. (…) Kosovo is a symptom of the
larger malady we all feel. I believe it can be part of the solution."
Boris TADIC
Plenary session - October 8, 2008 - Evian, France
"I am convinced that people seek peace and harmony. They want to
cooperate, do business and exchange cultural and educational achievements.
They want to meet and communicate as friends and neighbours.
And I have no doubt that these humanitarian factors will yet manifest
themselves in a meaningful and robust way; (…) People should be
studying the new Russia and not reviving Soviet phantoms. (…) Force
divorced from law unavoidably breeds unpredictability and chaos when
everyone starts fighting each other, as happened in Iraq. (…) The Euro-
Atlantic vision today needs a positive agenda. The events in the Caucasus
have only confirmed how absolutely right the concept of a new
European security treaty is today. It would give us every possibility of
building an integrated and solid system of comprehensive security.
This system should be equal for all states – without isolating anyone
and without zones with different levels of security. It should consolidate
the Euro-Atlantic region as a whole."
Dmitry MEDVEDEV
Closing session - October 8, 2008 - Evian, France
"Let's be open about this, and President Medvedev and I know each
other well enough to speak frankly: the relationship between Russia
and the European Union has just been very sorely tested. (…) Between
us, then, we must rebuild trust, the prerequisite for reviving an ambitious
European-Russian partnership. (…) Why not re-examine from
every angle all groups, institutions and countries concerned, everything
concerning security on our continent? (…) We could certainly
do it within the framework of the OSCE, the only forum that brings
together all actors in pan-European security on an equal footing.
I propose that a special OSCE summit be convened for this purpose
before the end of 2009 (…). Finally, I say to Dmitry – but is it necessary
to spell it out? – our American friends and allies must be involved in
this dialogue that we are ready to enter into."
Nicolas SARKOZY
Closing session - October 8, 2008 - Evian, France
Nambaryn
ENKHBAYAR
Dinner-debate - October 30, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
"For globalization to be irreversible, it needs to be accepted. To be
accepted, it needs to be governed. For globalization to be governed,
there has to be multilateral coordination. (…) You can be either disintegrated
by this huge financial crisis if the responses are disparate
and desperate, or it can find in this situation a further opportunity
to improve its integration process. European integration has always"
Mario MONTI
Plenary session - October 6, 2008 - Evian, France
"The reasons for the complexity of the international agenda are related
to the diplomatic challenge of shaping a global system by discovering
shared interests in spite of the asymmetries of power and the heterogeneity
of values. (…) One of the items of the present international agenda
is related to the politics of identity and recognition, and this brings into
question the ability of a principle such as self-determination to deal
with this new challenge that affects the stability of the present-day
international-state system. The second issue is the normative aspirations
of the world order, including human rights, democracy, forms of
international cooperation and everything that is linked to these ethical
aspirations and how their effectiveness faces the selectivity of power
politics. (…) The third item of the agenda relates to war and peace and
the issues of security we have mentioned."
Celso LAFER
Plenary session - November 1, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
Taïeb FASSI FIHRI
Gala dinner - November 1, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
"The great powers need to work much harder to find strategic convergence
on the preeminent problems that face the international system
– MEPP, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, non-proliferation, the global economy,
trade, climate change, etc. (…) It requires the inclusion of the most important
emerging nations – China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Egypt, South
Africa – in real global decision making and not just group photos taken
at international summit gatherings. (…) It means a systemic strengthening
of the power and influence of international institutions – those with
economic, financial, trade and security missions. The IMF, the World
Bank and the regional ILI's are good places to begin."
Robert BLACKWILL
Plenary session - October 31, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
"The four E's that go hand in hand for any sustainable development
are energy, equity, environment and efficiency. Energy, which is a prime
mover of development and poverty alleviation, has to be available,
affordable, reliable, and sustainable. (…) Developing countries, in my
view, should be allowed to grow and reduce poverty levels while pursuing
enlightened policies, policies which democratic and enlightened
governments will continue to pursue in a spirit of cooperation. Technology,
in my view, will again provide the answer, and the questions are
of cost and affordability. I do not think new technologies can be purchased
at the indicated costs by developed countries. (…) These costs
have to be shared with the developing countries, as these countries
do not ask for free power, or free energy sources, or free technology."
Anil RAZDAN
Plenary session - October 31, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
"The good news, in fact, is that neither China nor India are revisionist
powers. They remain satisfied with a statu quo that seems to be in line
with their own history, unlike Russia, perhaps, which wants to return
to a world that has now disappeared and which it will not find again.
(…) Within this system, as a European, I am struck by the slow pace at
which we accept and assimilate the changes taking place in the world.
In fact, over the last few years, we have devoted ourselves to problems
that at the end of the day are minor and have caused us to waste
ridiculous amounts of time: defining our borders and defining our
institutions. Just at the point when the history of the world has been
accelerating, the history of Europe has been going nowhere. There is
a major contradiction here too, between the ambitious words we use
and the political practices we adopt."
Dominique MOÏSI
Plenary session - November 1, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
Kemal DERVIS
Interview to the WPC TV - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"Global governance is too important to be left to just one organization
or group. But it is at the United Nations – with its universality,
experience and operational presence in nearly every country – where
global governance can best come together. The United Nations is the
right place, provided we ourselves keep pace. That means performance
– timely and accountable. And it means reforming UN bodies.
The Economic and Social Council can play a stronger role on a range of
deeply interconnected issues – financial risk, food insecurity, access to
energy, a flawed international trading system. And it is widely agreed
that the Security Council's membership should reflect today's realities,
not those of many decades ago. There is similarly ample room to
strengthen the Council's working methods, in terms of transparency,
early warning and how issues get on its agenda."
BAN Ki-Moon
Opening session - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"The combination of a technological revolution which is still ongoing,
particularly, but not exclusively, in the field of information technology,
with the fall of the Soviet Empire and the generalisation of market economies
at a global level, has contributed to create a new entity, which
is the globally integrated economy with its associated global financial
system. (…) This calls for an equivalent appropriate concept of global
governance. (…) It is necessary to make our public opinions sufficiently
aware of the externalities of national decisions, and consequently on
the necessity to internalize complex concepts like global economic
prosperity and global financial stability."
Jean-Claude TRICHET
Plenary session - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"When the agreement will be ready, the majority of the people will
overcome fear and will support the agreement, because they hope for
a better future for the children and the next generations to come.
(…) For the majority of Israelis the question of the settlements is less
important than the important goal of peace, which will change our reality
for generations to come. I believe that if we put into motion this real will
and real opportunity to reach the agreement with the power from the
international community – led by president Obama, we might see this
dream come true."
Amir PERETZ
Plenary session - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"First, any discussion about regional security should be between all of us. Iran cannot speak on behalf of all countries in the Middle East family of nations when it comes to regional security, as this is an issue that should be the subject of consensual policy. (…) What we need is a peace process that would bring the parties together around an agenda that can be negotiated and that would lead us to peace. We have been proposing the Arab Initiative since 2002, and in that proposal we put forward the commitment to normalise relations with Israel if Israel makes the commitment to accept the establishment of a Palestinian state and to negotiate sincerely about the fate of refugees and the status of Jerusalem. (…)
The Arab world has to link up with the 21st century. We have to move
in accordance with an agenda of modernisation and of change, towards
democracy, women's rights, human rights in general, education, and
economic and social rights as a whole. We are ready to abide by international
law, and we call on Israel to abide by and respect international law.
This is the sure road towards peace and towards the end of a very long
conflict which all of us want to see come to an end."
Amr MOUSSA
Lunch-debate - November 1, 2009 - Marrakech, Morocco
"We have to admit that there is this anxiety on both sides. For the
developed countries, there is concern that the newly emerging countries
may not observe the original rules or may not be ready to accept
existing structures. At the same time, the emerging countries are
concerned that those developed countries may not accept them, or
may impose on them. I call this double anxiety. I do not think we
can solve or remove that anxiety in the short run. (…) What is peace
in China? The Chinese character for peace is composed of two parts.
One is rice and on the other side is a mouth. Throughout history,
we believe that if every mouth is fed, there is peace on earth."
FU Ying
Plenary session - October 17, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Haruhiko KURODA
Interview to the WPC TV - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Narendra TANEJA
Interview to the WPC TV - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"As for us – and this may surprise you – we're asking for governance.
In the end, we're uncomfortable without governance. We might be told:
'Don't do this or that.' So my message is: since there is governance, and
we accept it, tell us what it is and take responsibility. But don't tell us
simply that because we're big or almost rich, that's covered by another
seminar; we're not talking about corporate governance. It's not true.
And unfortunately it's not clear either. On the contrary, I would say that,
for us, governance means visibility, predictability and security. For those
who think we're against governance, you should know that even though
I'm an ultra-capitalist, governance will allow us to survive."
Christophe de MARGERIE
Dinner-debate - October 15, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
"It is really important for us, the people in Africa, to have a scorecard.
We need to know who is doing what to whom, what every
government is delivering, how many kilometres of road they built
last year, how many hospital beds, how many kids went to school,
how many kids finished school, how long girls stayed at school,
what about women's social rights, how many rape cases they had,
how many illegal killings they had. We need to measure everything
which is happening in Africa and put it out into the light. It is useful
for governance because you can measure what their policies are.
You have all the data for 10 years – their data and the data from
other people. We need to know what policies work and what does
not work. For the African people, it is important to know what their
governments are doing."
Mo IBRAHIM
Lunch-debate - October 17, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Each participant is individually chosen on the basis
not only of his/her skills and influence, but also
because he/she is thought to be able to create the
right chemistry to foster effective interaction between
all the guests. During the selection process, we also
take into account a range of criteria, such as regional,
functional and media-related factors. Lastly, we limit
the number of participants at each conference to
ensure that meetings are as productive as possible.
On this basis and in a warm and welcoming setting,
all the conditions are met for participants to speak
their mind freely, thereby creating a very
high-level yet informal meeting-place.
FU Ying, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Jean-David LEVITTE
Interview to the WPC TV - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Lionel ZINSOU, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Bruno LAFONT
Interview to the WPC TV - October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Bruno JOUBERT, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Louis SCHWEITZER, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Christophe de MARGERIE, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Chris VIEHBACHER, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
KIM Cae-One, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Hubert VÉDRINE, Interview to the WPC TV
October 16, 2010 - Marrakech, Morocco
Each WPC is followed up by print and digital
publications of high intellectual calibre. As the
conference proceedings are intended to fuel public
debate, they are largely "on the record" and widely
disseminated. The three latest conferences received
positive press reviews all over the world. In addition,
the WPC is joining social networks in order
to enhance its simultaneous interactivity
with the international community.
A report is published after each WPC conference. This report contains the most noteworthy excerpts from the presentations and the profiles of all the participants, as well as a description of all the WPC's sponsors and media partners. Each conference's highlights are illustrated with a large number of images. Thousands of copies of this bilingual (French-English) publication are distributed worldwide every year. The report can also be downloaded in pdf format from the WPC website.
The WPC website provides access not only to all
past conferences but also to the latest information
on the forthcoming conference.
• WPC TV: launched in 2010, WPC TV provides access to interviews
with and statements by the participants in the conference.
• The proceedings of each conference are published online, with
all presentations entirely available in video and text formats.
• Photo gallery: this illustrates the event's highlights and presents
some key figures among the participants.
• A special space for sponsors and media partners: sponsors can
create their own space using text, visuals or animation, the prominence
of which depends on the extent of their support.
• Guest space: provides access to each guest's complete profile
and contributions to the conference.
All the intellectual content of our events is saved in video format and is available to everyone on YouTube. In order to improve immediate interactivity with the international community, the WPC is now a member of the Twitter and LinkedIn networks. We hope to see you on these networks!
1. 20 minuten, Oct. 7
2. 20 minutes, Oct. 8
3. 20minutes.fr, Oct. 6
4. 24 heures, August 13 (x2), Oct. 7 (x2)
5. 24heures.ch, Oct. 7 (x2)
6. 7sur7.be, Oct. 7
7. a7fr.com, Oct. 6, Oct. 7
8. ABC, Oct. 9
9. ABC website, Oct. 11
10. Acteurs publics, Oct. 7
11. actu.orange.fr, Oct. 6, Oct. 7 (x2)
12. actu.voila.fr, Oct. 6, Oct. 7
13. AFP, Oct. 4, Oct. 6 (x7), Oct. 7 (x7), Oct. 8 (x5), Oct. 9
14. Africa Intelligence, July 31
15. agefi.com, Oct. 7
16. Agence France Presse, Oct. 9, Oct. 10 (x3)
17. Agentia Nationala de Presa, Oct. 6
18. Agoraflux, Oct. 6
19. allAfrica.com, Oct. 5, Oct. 10
20. Al-Manar, Oct. 6
21. Anatolia news agency, Oct. 4
22. ANSA.it, Oct. 8 (x2)
23. Ansalatina.com, Oct. 8 (x2)
24. AP French Worldstream, Oct. 7
25. AP German Worldstream, Oct. 7
26. Apcom, Oct. 8
27. Arab Times Kuwait, Oct. 6
28. armenews.com, Oct. 7
29. Asia Pulse, Oct. 3
30. Aujourd'hui en France, Oct. 9
31. b92.net, Oct. 5
32. baz.ch, Oct. 13
33. BBC Monitoring, Oct. 4
34. Boursorama.com, Oct. 7 (x2), Oct. 8
35. Bulletin quotidien, Oct. 3, Oct. 8, Oct. 9
36. CEP news, Oct. 6
37. Challenges.fr, Oct. 7 (x2), Oct. 8, Oct. 9 (x2), Oct. 10 (x2)
38. Charente libre, Oct. 9
39. Confédération suisse, Oct. 7
77. Herald Tribune, Oct. 9 (x2)
78. HINA, Oct. 5
79. HotnewsTurkey.com, Oct. 6, Oct. 13
80. Il Cittadino, Oct. 9
81. Il Gazzettino, Oct. 9
82. Il Mattino, Oct. 5
83. Il Messaggero, Oct. 9
84. Il Piccolo, Oct. 9
85. info.france3.fr, Oct. 7
86. Infolive.tv, Oct. 6
87. Interfax Russia, Oct. 10
88. International Herald Tribune, Oct. 6, Oct. 9, Oct. 13
89. investir.fr, Oct. 7
90. IranVNC, Oct. 6
91. Italianotizie, Oct. 8
92. ITAR-TASS, Oct. 8 (x3), Oct. 10 (x3), Oct. 11 (x2)
93. izf.net, Oct. 6
94. Jdd.fr, Oct. 6, Oct. 8
95. Jeune Afrique, July 20
96. joins.com, Oct. 4
97. KBS World, Oct. 3
98. Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, Oct. 4, Oct. 7, Oct. 9
99. Khabrein.info, Oct. 8 (x2)
100. L'Eco di Bergamo, Oct. 9
101. L'Économiste, Oct. 7
102. L'Est républicain, Oct. 9
103. L'Express, June 5, Oct. 6
104. L'Indépendant, Oct. 9
105. L'Orient le jour, Oct. 7, Oct. 10
106. L'Union l'Ardennais, Oct. 9
107. L'Unione Sarda, Oct. 9
108. La Correspondance économique, Oct. 7, Oct. 9
109. La Croix, Oct. 6 (x3), Oct. 7, Oct. 8 (x2), Oct. 9 (x2), Oct. 10
110. La Nouvelle République, Oct. 9
111. La Padania, Oct. 5
112. La Presse canadienne, Oct. 5, Oct. 7 (x2), Oct. 8, Oct. 9,Oct. 10, Oct. 14
148. linternaute.com, Oct. 6
149. lyon.ville.orange.fr, Oct. 6
150. lyoncapitale.fr, Oct. 8
151. mediapart.fr, Oct. 10, Oct. 14
152. Meeetooo, Oct. 6
153. Monde en Question, Oct. 8
154. montsame.mn, Oct. 3
155. MSN actualités, Oct. 6
156. News Press, Oct. 7 (x2)
157. news.cn, Oct. 4
158. Newsletter Stratégies, September 10
159. Nord Éclair, Oct. 9
160. Nouvel Obs.com, Oct. 7 (x7), Oct. 8 (x7)
161. Nouvelle d'Arménie, Oct. 3
162. Onet.pl, Oct. 8
163. Ouest France, Oct. 9
164. Politkom.ru, Oct. 10
165. President of Russia Official Webportal, Oct. 7
166. Publico, Oct. 8
167. Radio Free Europe Documents and Publications, Oct. 10
168. radiobfm.com, Oct. 7
169. radiofrance.fr, Oct. 7
170. Reuters, Oct. 7, Oct. 10
171. Reuters Économique, Oct. 6, Oct. 7, Oct. 8, Oct. 10 (x2)
172. Reuters mondiale, Oct. 6, Oct. 7 (x2), Oct. 8 (x2)
173. Reuters UK, Oct. 6
174. rfi.fr, Oct. 8
175. RIA Novosti, Oct. 6 (x2), Oct. 7 (x9), Oct. 8 (x4), Oct. 9, Oct. 10 (x4)
176. Romandie news, Oct. 7
177. rsr.ch, Oct. 7
178. Russian Press Digest, Oct. 9, Oct. 13
179. Russiaprofile.org, Oct. 7
180. saintetienne.ville.orange.fr, Oct. 6
181. SignOnSanDiego.com, Oct. 8
182. Sina English, Oct. 4
183. Solidarité et Progrès, Oct. 7
184. Sud Ouest, Oct. 9 (x2)
1. AFP, Nov. 1, Nov. 3
2. Agence Maghreb Arabe Presse, Nov. 1
3. Al Alam, Nov. 3
4. Al Marrakchia, Nov. 1
5. Al Youm, Oct. 29
6. ANR, Nov. 9
7. Au Fait, Oct. 25
8. Bernama, Nov. 1
9. Boursier.com, September 25, Oct. 22 (x2), Nov. 25
10. Corriere della Sera, Nov. 7
11. El Moudjahid, Nov. 3
12. Elaph, Oct. 23
13. eleconomista.es, Nov. 1
14. Europe Orient News, September 1
15. International Herald Tribune, Nov. 2 (x2)
16. Kuwait News Agency, Oct. 29
17. L'autre Davos, Oct. 21
18. L'Économiste, Oct. 12, Nov. 2, Nov. 4
19. L'Express, Oct. 31 (x2), Nov. 1, Nov. 5, Nov. 7
20. L'Opinion, Nov. 3
21. Lakoom info, Oct. 26
22. Le Bougnoulosophe, Nov. 3
23. Le Figaro, Oct. 19, Nov. 2, Nov. 3
24. Le Nouvel Observateur, Oct. 31, Nov. 1
25. Le Reporter, Nov. 1, Nov. 30
26. Le Soir Échos, Nov. 1
27. lefigaro.fr, Oct. 19
28. lematin.ma, September 1, Nov. 1
29. Libération, Nov. 1
30. MAP, Oct. 26, Nov. 1 (x2), Nov. 2, Nov. 3 (x2)
31. Nation le matin, Oct. 12
32. Oujda City, Nov. 3
33. Reuter, Oct. 31 (x2), Nov. 1
34. RIA Novosti, Oct. 24
35. Romandie News, Nov. 1
36. The New York Times, Nov. 1
37. Xinhua, Oct. 31
1. ABC, Oct. 17
2. abcNews, Oct. 16
3. Académie des sciences morales et politiques, Oct. 26
4. Adevarul.ro, Oct. 17
5. adn.es, Oct. 16 (x4)
6. AFP, Oct. 15 (x11), Oct. 16 (x6)
7. Afrique Hebdo, Oct. 18, Oct. 20 (x2), Oct. 27
8. Agence Maghreb Arabe Presse, July 8, Sept. 21, Oct. 8 (x4), Oct. 18 (x2), Nov. 8
9. Agência Estado, Oct. 17 (x2)
10. Agenzia Italia, Oct. 16 (x2)
11. Albayane, Oct. 18
12. allAfrica.com, Oct. 18, Oct. 19
13. Analisa – SELASA, Oct. 19
14. Analisadaily.com, Oct. 19
15. Angola Press, Oct. 20
16. ANSA, Oct. 16 (x4)
17. APAnews.net, Oct. 13
18. arabnews.com, Oct. 19
19. Assaggiami, Oct. 16
20. Atlasinfo.fr, July 8
21. Aufait Maroc, Oct. 14, Oct. 15, Oct. 16 (x4), Oct. 17 (x3), Oct. 18, Oct. 19 (x2)
22. Aujourd'hui.ma, Sept. 23
23. bdnews24.com, Oct. 17
24. Biladi, Sept. 21
25. Bladi.net, Sept. 19
26. Bloomberg, Oct. 16 (x8)
27. Bloomberg Businessweek, Oct. 18 (x2)
28. Boursica.com, July 6
29. Brandon Sun, Oct. 11
30. BrisbaneTimes.com.au, Oct. 19
31. Bulletin Quotidien, Oct. 13
32. Business Intelligence Middle East, Oct. 18
33. Business Spectator, Oct. 17 (x2)
34. Buzzies.fr, July 25
35. Caixun, Oct. 18, Oct. 19
36. Caixun.com, Oct. 19
37. Capefrance.com, Sept. 30
38. Capital.fr, Oct. 16
39. Capital.gr, Oct. 16
81. Expatica.com, Oct. 19, Oct. 20
82. Finance.qq.com, Oct. 17
83. fmprc.gov.cn, Oct. 18
84. Forex Street, Oct. 15
85. Forex Yard, Oct. 7
86. Forexpros.es, Oct. 16
87. France 24, Oct. 15
88. Franceactu.net, Oct. 17
89. French.china.org.cn, Oct. 29
90. French.peopledaily.com, Oct. 29
91. ft.com, Oct. 16
92. Gazeta.pl, Oct. 17
93. Groupe OCP, Sept. 23
94. Gulf Times, Oct. 19, Oct. 20
95. Gulfnews.com, Oct. 19
96. IBN Live, Oct. 16 (x2)
97. iewy.com, Oct. 19 (x2)
98. iG.com.br, Oct. 16
99. Imeigu.com, Oct. 17
100. Info7.com.mx, Oct. 16
101. Informador.com.mx, Oct. 16
102. Interia, Oct. 17
103. Iran Daily, Oct. 19
104. Iran Focus, Oct. 17
105. ISRIA, Oct. 12, Oct. 16
106. ITAR-TASS, Oct. 15, Oct. 18 (x2)
107. Izvestia.ru, Oct. 15, Oct. 17
108. Jeune Afrique, Oct. 20
109. Jeunes du Maroc, Oct. 18
110. Jornal de Angola online, Oct. 20
111. Kitekinto.hu, Oct. 16
112. Kuwait News Agency, Oct. 15 (x2), Nov. 10
113. L'Économiste, Sept. 23,Oct. 15, Oct. 16, Oct. 19, Oct. 20, Nov. 10 (x2), Nov. 16
114. L'Express, Oct. 18
115. L'Express.fr, Oct. 17, Oct. 18 (x2)
116. La Lettre A, Oct. 8
117. La Nouvelle Tribune, Oct. 18, Oct. 21, Nov. 4, Nov. 5
118. La Provence.com, Oct. 16
119. La Tribune, Oct. 18 (x2)
120. La Tribune.fr, Oct. 16 (x2)
152. Medi TV, Nov. 3
153. MediaDaum.net, Nov. 1
154. Méditel, Oct. 20
155. Metro, Oct. 11
156. Middle East online, Oct. 20
157. Midipress, September 17
158. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China,Oct. 28
159. MoneyControl.com, Oct. 17
160. Morocco Business News, Oct. 11
161. Negocios, Oct. 17
162. Negocios.com, Oct. 17
163. Newsland.ru, Oct. 17
164. Noticias, Oct. 16
165. Noticias Jovenes, Oct. 17
166. onet.pl, Oct. 17
167. Online Focus, Oct. 17, Nov. 8
168. Oye! Times, Oct. 26
169. Partenariat Europe Maghreb, Oct. 17
170. Pb.pl, Oct. 17
171. Philippines News Agency, Oct. 19 (x2)
172. Poten & Partners, Oct. 11
173. Publico.es, Oct. 15
174. Radio Netherlands Worldwide, Oct. 16
175. Rambler.ru, Oct. 15
176. Reuters, Oct. 6, Oct. 16 (x4)
177. Reuters Africa, Oct. 18, Oct. 20 (x4), Nov. 9
178. Reuters Economique, Oct. 28
179. Reuters France, Nov. 8 (x2)
180. Reuters India, Nov. 8 (x2)
181. Reuters UK, Oct. 15 (x2), Nov. 8 (x5)
182. Reuters US, Nov. 9, Nov. 10
183. RIA Novosti, Oct. 15, Oct. 17 (x3), Oct. 20
184. Romandie news, Oct. 16
185. RosInvest.com, Oct. 15
186. rte.ie, Oct. 16
187. Russia & India Report, Oct. 26 (x2)
188. Sahara news, Oct. 20
189. sapo.pt, Oct. 17
190. Scoop.co.nz, Oct. 12, Oct. 17
228. Wall-Street, Oct. 20
229. Wall-street.ro, Oct. 18
230. Web Newswire, Oct. 17
231. Wirtualna Polska, Oct. 17
232. Xinhua, Oct. 16 (x4), Oct. 17, Oct. 18 (x2)
233. Xinhuanet, Oct. 17
234. Yahoo Actualités France, Oct. 17
235. Yahoo Noticias Brasil, Oct. 16 (x2)
236. Yikuo.com, Oct. 18
237. Zawya, Oct. 20
1. 5minutes.rtl.lu, Dec. 15
2. 98.5 FM, Dec. 15
3. Aawsat, Dec. 14
4. Abna, Dec. 15
5. AFP, Dec. 15
6. Afriquinfos, Dec. 14
7. Agerpres, Dec. 14, Dec. 15
8. Al Arabiya, Dec. 15, Dec. 17, Dec. 18
9. Al Manar, Dec. 16
10. Al Monitor, Dec. 17
11. Algerie News, Dec. 15
12. Algerie1.com, Dec. 14
13. Aljazeera America, Dec. 16
14. America24, Dec. 16
15. Amerikaninsesi, Dec. 17
16. Anadolu Agency, Dec. 13
17. Anews, Dec. 12
18. Annahar, Dec. 11
19. Assemblée Nationale, Dec. 11
20. Atlantico, Dec. 14
21. Bangla News, Dec. 15
22. BBC, Dec. 14
23. Bloomberg, Dec. 13
24. Borneo Bulletin, Dec. 16
25. Boursier.com, Dec. 14
26. Breitbart, Dec. 16
27. Brisbane Times, Dec. 16
28. Buenos Aires Herald, Dec. 14
29. Business Insider, Dec. 14
30. Business Standard, Dec. 15
31. Business Week, Dec. 06
32. Cakcr, Dec. 13
33. Caleaeuropeana.ro, Dec. 13
34. Canoe.ca, Dec. 15
35. Capgemini, Dec. 16
36. Carl Bildt Wordpress, Dec. 13
37. Challenges, Dec. 14
38. Chan Ly, Dec. 14
39. Channel Riviera, Dec. 05, Dec. 17
40. Chicago Tribune, Dec. 13, Dec. 14, Dec. 17
41. Chine Informations, Dec. 16
42. Corriere Del Ticino, Dec. 15
43. Corse Matin, Dec. 15
81. Jeune Afrique, Dec. 19
82. Jewish Journal, Dec. 13
83. JNS.org, Dec. 17
84. Jordan Times, Dec. 15
85. JV, Dec. 14
86. Kleine Zeitung, Dec. 15, Dec. 16 (x2)
87. L’Aisne Nouvelle, Dec. 14
88. L’Echo Républicain, Dec. 14
89. L’Economiste, Dec. 15, Dec. 16 (x2)
90. L’Express, Dec. 14
91. L’Orient Le Jour, Dec. 13, Dec. 15, Dec. 16, Dec. 17, Dec. 18 (x2), Dec. 19
92. La Lettre A, Dec. 12
93. La Montagne, Dec. 14
94. La Presse, Dec. 14 (x2), Dec. 15 (x2), Dec. 19
95. La Provence, Dec. 14
96. La Tribune, Dec. 30
97. Le Cercle des Volontaires, Dec. 14
98. Le Devoir, Dec. 14, Dec. 16
99. Le Figaro Blog, Dec. 19
100. Le Figaro, Dec. 16
101. Le JDD, Dec. 14
102. Le Journal de Montréal, Dec. 14, Dec. 15
103. Le Journal de Québec, Dec. 15
104. Le Matin, Dec. 15
105. Le Nouvel Observateur, Dec. 14 (x2)
106. Le Petit Journal de Monaco, Dec. 19
107. Le Point, Dec. 14
108. Le Quotidien, Dec. 15
109. Le Temps d’Algerie, Dec. 15
110. Le Temps, Dec. 17
111. Les Echos, Dec. 12, Dec. 13 (x2), Dec. 15 (x3), Dec. 16
112. Les Titres de la Presse, Dec. 13
113. Lexpress.mu, Dec. 14
114. Libération, Dec. 14, Dec. 16
115. Liberté, Dec. 18
116. Malay Mail Online, Dec. 15
117. Malaysian Insider, Dec. 15
118. Matzav, Dec. 16
119. Médiapart, Dec. 15
120. Menara, Dec. 12
152. Site Officiel Premier Ministre, Dec. 11, Dec. 15
153. Site Serbian Orthodox Church, Dec. 16
154. Stirilepescurt, Dec. 15
155. Susris, Dec. 16
156. Tehran Times, Dec. 16
157. The Australian, Dec. 17
158. The Daily Beast, Dec. 17
159. The Fiji Times Online, Dec. 16
160. The Gazette, Dec. 18
161. The Gulf Today, Dec. 16 (x2)
162. The Himalayan Times, Dec. 14
163. The Lahore Times, Dec. 16
164. The Manila Times, Dec. 15
165. The Morning Call, Dec. 13, Dec. 14 (x4)
166. The New York Times, Dec. 15
167. The Oregon Herald, Dec. 13, Dec. 14 (x2)
168. The Siasat Daily, Dec. 15
169. The Star, Dec. 14 (x2), Dec. 15
170. The Sun Daily, Dec. 15
171. The Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 16
172. The Taipei Times, Dec. 16
173. The Telegraph, Dec. 15
174. The Times of India, Dec. 15
175. The Times of Israel, Dec. 15
176. The Tower, Dec. 17
177. The Vancouver Sun, Dec. 18
178. The Virginia Gazette, Dec. 14 (x3)
179. The Voice of Russia, Dec. 14
180. The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 15, Dec. 16 (x3)
181. The Washington Post, Dec. 13, Dec. 21
182. The Washington Times, Dec. 17
183. Total News, Dec. 15
184. TRT English, Dec. 14
185. TV5 Monde, Dec. 14
186. TVA Nouvelles, Dec. 11
187. UPI, Dec. 16
188. Var Matin, Dec. 15
189. World Bulletin, Dec. 14
190. Yahoo Actualites, Dec. 14
1. Africa Matters Ltd, Dec. 8
2. Altagreer, Dec. 11
3. Arirang, Dec. 8 (x2)
4. Asiae, Dec. 8
5. Batı Karadeniz Ekspres, Dec. 12
6. Beijing Foreign Studies University, Dec. 17
7. BRTV, Dec. 10
8. Canadian International Council, Dec. 12
9. Chongwadae, Dec. 8
10. CIRSD, Dec. 9
11. Council on Foreign Relations, Dec. 1
12. CRNTT, Dec. 9
13. Daejonilbo, Dec. 9
14. DWDD, Dec. 8
15. Eseoulpost, Dec. 9
16. Finans Haberler, Dec. 10
17. Global Post, Dec. 11
18. Global Times, Dec. 8
19. Haber7, Dec. 10
20. Hankookilbo, Dec. 9
21. Japwar, Dec. 9
22. Joins Japan, Dec. 9
23. Joins Korea, Dec. 9
24. Karabük Gündem, Dec. 10
25. Korea.net, Dec. 9
26. Korea JoongAng Daily, Dec. 9
27. Kyodo News, Dec. 8
28. L’Orient-Le Jour, Dec. 8, Dec. 9, Dec. 10, Dec. 12, Dec. 13
29. Le Monde, Dec. 10
30. Le Nouvel Observateur, Dec. 8, Dec. 11
31. Le Point, Dec. 12
32. Le Temps, Dec. 9, Dec. 10
33. Les Echos, Dec. 5, Dec. 9 (x2), Dec. 13, Dec. 15
34. Maekyung Media Group, Dec. 8, Dec. 10
35. Mehmet Ceylan’s Official Website, Dec. 10
36. MGIMO, Dec. 12
37. Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Dec. 12
38. MOFA, Dec. 4, Dec. 9 (x2)
39. Mooyenews, Dec. 4
40. Nanumshinmun, Dec. 8
41. Newsis, Dec. 8
42. Notre Europe – Institut Jacques Delors, Dec. 9
43. Philstar, Dec. 9
44. Qatar News Agency, Dec. 8
45. RACEF, Dec. 15
46. RFI, Dec. 13, Dec. 14
47. Son Dakika Haberler, Dec. 10
48. The Japan Times, Dec. 8
49. The Kookje Daily News, Dec. 8
50. The Korea Herald, Dec. 8 (x3), Dec. 14
51. The Korea Times, Dec. 8
52. The New Khaleej, Dec. 11
53. The NUCB Business School, Dec. 18
54. Voice of America, Dec. 8
55. Want China Times, Dec. 10
56. Xinhua, Dec. 8
57. Yeongnamilbo, Dec. 9
58. Yonhap News, Apr. 9, Dec. 8 (x6)
1. Arcinfo, Nov. 20
2. DFAE, Nov. 20
3. Le Nouvelliste, Nov. 20
4. Le Temps, Nov. 23
5. Portail du gouvernement suisse, Nov. 20
6. Impact 24, Nov. 24
7. Dire Tube, Nov. 24
8. Eol, Nov. 23
9. Habesha2day, Nov. 24
10. Hahu Daily, Nov. 24
11. Mereja, Dec. 1
12. Utopian Tube, Nov. 24
13. Actualités du droit international, Nov. 24
14. Africa Intelligence, Nov. 19
15. Challenges, Nov. 26
16. Challenges, Nov. 26
17. Clés, Nov. 20
18. Droit au coeur, Nov. 21
19. Ifri, Nov. 20
20. Ifri, Nov. 20
21. Ifri, Nov. 20
22. La Croix, Nov. 22
23. Le Monde, Nov. 21
24. Les Echos, Nov. 20
25. Les Echos, Nov. 22
26. Les Echos, Nov. 22
27. Les Echos, Nov. 24
28. MSN, Nov. 24
29. Parlements.com, Nov. 23
30. Roland Berger, Dec. 1
31. Electro Akhbar, Nov. 23
32. Financial Tribune, Nov. 23
33. Financial Tribune, Nov. 24
34. Iran Daily, Nov. 23
35. Iranians Daily, Nov. 24
36. Irib, Nov. 23
37. Islamic Republic News Agency, Nov. 23
38. Isna, Nov. 22
39. Mehr News Agency, Nov. 22
40. Mehr News Agency, Nov. 23
We pay particular attention to those
who have shown confidence in us
since the start of our initiative,
especially states and companies.
A
Abdelatif, SoumeyaB
Bajpai, K. ShankarC
Caillé, AndréD
Danel, FrançoisE
Eizenstat, StuartF
Fassi Fihri, TaïebG
Gaymard, HervéH
Han, Seung-SooI
Ibrahim, Mo
J
Jankowitsch, PeterK
Kabbaj, MohammedL
Laajava, JaakkoM
MacFarquhar, Roderick
N
Nardon, LaurenceO
Odinga, Raila AmoloP
Padoan, Pier CarloQ
Qu, XingR
Racine, Jean-LucS
SaKong, IlT
Tabet, RiadU
Umarov, KairatV
Védrine, HubertW
Wade, AbdoulayeY
Yatseniuk, ArseniZ
Zartman, William
A
Abdelatif, SoumeyaD
David, DominiqueG
Gärtner, HeinzL
Lablanchy, Jean-PierreP
Patrick, StewartZ
Zinsou, LionelB
Badinter, RobertH
Harlé, EmmanuelQ
Qu, XingT
Tabet, RiadE
Einem, CasparF
Fedotov, YuryI
Ilves, Toomas HendrikR
Raidl, Claus J.U
Ünlü Kizil, OyaC
Caillé, AndréJ
Jacquillat, BertrandK
Kamhawi, LabibM
Mahbubani, KishoreN
Nahon, DanielO
Oganov, GeorgyS
SaKong, IlV
Védrine, HubertW
Wat, FrançoisY
Yeoh, MichaelA
Abbad El Andaloussi, ZinebD
Dammann, ReinhardM
Makram-Ebeid, MonaP
Pages, DominiqueW
Wang, JisiE
Eymond-Laritaz, ThomasF
Fache, DominiqueH
Halalai, TraianL
Lablanchy, Jean-PierreQ
Qu, XingR
Radu, RăsvanT
Tabet, RiadY
Yasseen, FareedB
Badaut, ChristianC
Caillé, AndréG
Gatej, AlexandraI
Ibrahim, MoN
Nakagawa, KatsuhiroS
Salamé, Riad TouficZ
Zinsou, LionelJ
Jankowitsch, PeterK
Kabbaj, MohamedO
Oiknine, DanA
Abbad El Andaloussi, ZinebE
El Sohl, MustaphaH
Habig, BrentK
Kabbaj, MohamedO
Oesterreich, Constantin (von)R
Rabinovich, ItamarV
Van der Hoeven, MariaC
Caillé, AndréD
Daianu, DanielF
Flavio, DominiqueP
Paolini, CorinneW
Wat, FrançoisB
Babacan, AliG
Gascón, LorenzoI
Ibrahim, MoS
Salvador, Luc-FrançoisT
Tabet, RiadY
Yang, JiemianJ
Jank, MarcosL
Lablanchy, Jean-PierreM
Maisonneuve, CécileN
Naikuni, TitusQ
Qu, XingZ
Zeeni, SalimA
Ahn, Choong YoungG
Gascón, LorenzoJ
Jalicon, David-PierreL
Lablanchy, Jean-PierreM
Mallikarjun, ManuO
Oiknine, DanR
Ramsay, WilliamW
Weymuller, BrunoC
Carfantan, Jean-YvesD
Dăianu, DanielH
Ha, Young WonP
Panov, AlexanderS
Salvador, Luc-FrançoisY
Yeoh, MichaelB
Baasanjav, GanboldE
El Aynaoui, KarimK
Karaganov, SergeiZ
Zhylevich, NatalliaF
Fabian, CalinI
Ichim, PaulN
Nafti, Mohamed AliQ
Quatrepoint, Jean-MichelT
Tabet, RiadV
Vaïsse, JustinA
Abdelatif, JalalE
El Aynaoui, KarimF
Fauchart, EmmanuelleQ
Qiao, YideV
Vaïsse, JustinG
Gascón, LorenzoI
Irbec, Yusuf ZiyaJ
Jankovic, SnezanaL
Lafont, BrunoN
Narayanan, Mayankote KelathR
Rabinovich, ItamarW
Wat, FrançoisY
Yim, Sung-joonD
Daianu, DanielO
Oiknine, DanS
Sakong, IlT
Tabet, RiadZ
Zhang, YunlingB
Badré, BertrandC
Caillé, AndréH
Halalai, TraianK
Kabbaj, MohamedM
Makram-Ebeid, MonaP
Park, In-Kook
Ifri (French International Relations Institute)
and WoPyCo
Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder,
Ifri
27 rue de la Procession – 75015 Paris
Dr. Song-Nim Kwon
Program Director
Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 72 81
E-mail: kwon@worldpolicyconference.com
Nicolas de Germay
Managing Director,
WoPyCo
102 avenue des Champs-Élysées – 75008 Paris
Editor:
Song-Nim Kwon
Printed in September 2011
Updated version: April 2016
The World Policy Conference (WPC) was launched in 2008 by the French International Relations Institute (Ifri)
on the initiative of its founder, Thierry de Montbrial. The WPC is the first effort to foster systematic reflection
on organising global governance tailored to 21st century realities, bringing together the highest-level decision-makers,
experts and opinion leaders.
Following the success of the first three conferences, the WPC has become the not-to-be-missed
forum on the global governance agenda.
The purpose of this publication is to describe the WPC's concept, objectives and originality,
through visuals and testimonials provided by personalities who have shown their confidence
in this initiative since its very inception.
With a long experience, OCP is a world leader in the phosphate rock and derivatives market. As a major player in the five region where it operates, OCP directly employs 18,000 people. OCP aims to maximize the contribution of our phosphate resources to national development and global food security.
TOTAL is the world's fifth largest publicly-traded integrated international oil and gas company, with operations in more than 13 countries on 5 continents and approximately 97,000 employees. The group is committed to meeting growing energy demand while acting as a responsible corporate citizen.
UC RUSAL is the world's largest producer of aluminium. RUSAL employs about 76,000 people in 19 countries, across 5 continents and markets and sells its products primarily in the European, Asian and North American markets. Its shares are listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange and on Euronext Paris.
Created in 2000 by European companies, EADS is a global leader in aerospace, defence and related services. In 2009, the Group – comprising Airbus, Eurocopter, EADS Astrium and EADS Defence & Security – generated revenues of 42.8 billion and employed a workforce of more than 119,000 worldwide.
World leader in building materials, LAFARGE is present in 78 countries with 78,000 employees. Listed for over five years in the "Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World," Lafarge places innovation and research at the heart of its priorities, with the world's leading building materials research facility.
With approximately 105,000 employees in 110 countries, SANOFI-AVENTIS is a leading diversified healthcare partner centered on patients' needs. The Group focuses on core growth platforms such as emerging markets, vaccines, consumer healthcare, diabetes, innovative products and animal health.
NOVARTIS provides healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies, and thus offers a diversified portfolio in several medical fields. With leading positions in each of these areas, it employs about 99,000 full-time-equivalent associates in more than 140 countries.
The FONDATION ZINSOU is the first private foundation in Benin. While at first mainly an exhibition space for African artists, it has expanded its horizons and activities over the past four years. The promotion of African arts, education, development and reduction of the poverty are now the heart of its project.
EFG GROUP is an international banking group organized into two groups: EFG International, which is a global private banking and asset management group listed on the SIX Swiss exchange, and Eurobank EFG, which is one of the largest banking groups in Greece, listed on the Athens Stock Exchange.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS is the major international firm providing industry-focused insurance, tax and advisory services for public and private clients. More than 163,000 people in 151 countries across its network share their thinking, experience and solutions to develop fresh perspectives and practical advice.
The INSTITUT MÉRIEUX comprises 4 companies dedicated to public health in areas such as prevention, diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow-up: Bio Mérieux and Transgene in France; Silliker and ABL Inc. in the United States. It employs 10,000 people worldwide.
The CRÉDIT POPULAIRE DU MAROC (CPM) is mainly in charge of fostering the development of all the SMEs by the granting of short, medium and long-term loans. It contributes to the deployment of savings, their use in the regions where they are collected and the promotion of local and banking activities.
The FONDATION LATSIS is a non profitable institution of public interest created in 1975, which established the Latsis Prizes in 1983. The principal purpose of the Latsis Prizes is to recognise and reward scientific and technological work of particular excellence undertaken by young researchers in Switzerland.
ASSURANCES GENERALI is the parent company of an international group operative in 64 countries, with key operations concentrated in continental Europe. Over the years, the Group has expanded its operations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Asia. It now is the third major European insurer.
GDF SUEZ, global player in energy and the environment, develops a model based on responsible growth to take up today's major energy and environmental challenges: meeting energy needs, ensuring the security of supply, fighting against climate change and maximizing the use of resources.
The KOREA FOUNDATION is an independent organization affiliated with the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its mission is to promote better understanding of Korea within the international community and to enhance goodwill between Korea and the rest of the world through various exchange programs.
The FINANCIAL TIMES is one of the world's leading business news and information organisations, recognised internationally for its integrity and accuracy. It has a combined print and online average daily readership of 2.1 million people worldwide, and is printed at 24 print sites across the world.
FRANCE INTER is a "generalist" station, aiming to provide a wide national audience with a full service of news and intelligent spoken-word programming, serious and entertaining, liberally punctuated with an eclectic mix of music. Its audience has reached 10.5 million daily listeners in early 2009.
RUSSIA 24 television network is the only Russian information network broadcasting 24 hours a day. The network covers world news and news from all Russia's regions, as well as sought-after and exhaustive economic analysis. It also regularly offers interviews with highly influential people of the world.
L'EXPRESS is the leading newsmagazine in the French market. Every week, its award-winning team of journalists investigates, uncovers and makes sense of the news, applying the values which led the founders close to 60 years ago: being modern (through its highly successful website), opinionated, and independent.
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR is a weekly French newsmagazine. Based in Paris, it is the most prominent French general information magazine in terms of audience and circulation (currently at 538,200). It covers political, business and economic news, on both paper and digital supports (nouvelobs.com).
The FIGARO Group is a media company working on both paper and digital supports. It comprises Le Figaro, France's best selling newspaper, several weekly magazines, the site Lefigaro.fr, France's leading news website, and sites dealing with sports, economics, weather forecast or classified advertisement.
With the largest audience and circulation, JEUNE AFRIQUE is the number one pan-African weekly magazine. Through its annual special issues – Top 500 African Companies, Top 200 African Banks, L'État de l'Afrique – it delivers business analyses on Africa's economic, political and social affairs.
FRANCE 24 is the French international news channel broad-cast 24/7 in 3 languages: French, English and Arabic. It gives a French perspective to international current events and is available on the main satellite positions and commercial feeds, reaching more than 100 million households in the world.
AL JAZEERA, which means "the Island" or "the Peninsula" in Arabic, referring to the network's status as the only independent news network in the Middle East, has several outlets, including the Internet and specialty TV channels in multiple languages, in numerous regions of the world. It is headquartered in Qatar.
CAIXIN MEDIA Company Ltd. is an important Beijing-based media group dedicated to providing financial and business news through periodicals, online, conferences, books, and TV/video programs. It produces the Century Weekly Magazine with the China Institute for Reform and Development (CIRD).
The CHOSUNILBO is recognized as the most influential daily newspaper in Korea. Its circulation is 2 million per day. Maintaining the No.1 position in newspaper subscriptions and readership for the past decade and strengthened by a centennial history, it is the most popular newspaper among opinion leaders.
Founded in 1908, the LES ÉCHOS newspaper is the leading French national business and financial daily. It is the leading national daily read by business leaders and executives and by influential decision makers. All in all, over 705.000 people read the newspaper every day (Source Epiq 2008-2009).
Named one of the most successful and influential magazines of 2011 by Adweek, Bloomberg Businessweek is a trusted source of essential, comprehensive insight that business leaders depend on to get ahead. Bloomberg Businessweek offers a global perspective to help senior executives profit from smarter, faster, and more informed decisions. Founded in 1929, the magazine is a market leader, with more than 4.7 million readers each week in 140 countries. Drawing on more than 2,300 journalists in 146 bureaus across 72 countries, Bloomberg Businessweek covers the business world like no one else can. Bloomberg.com and Businessweek.com combined reach more than 20 million individuals each month.
The CHOSUNILBO is recognized as the most influential daily newspaper in Korea. Its circulation is 2 million per day. Maintaining the No.1 position in newspaper subscriptions and readership for the past decade and strengthened by a centennial history, it is the most popular newspaper among opinion leaders.
CNBC, First in Business Worldwide, is the leading global broadcaster of live business and financial news and information, reporting directly from the major financial markets around the globe, with three regional networks in Asia, EMEA and the US. In EMEA, CNBC is the only real-time, pan-regional business and financial news network dedicated to CEOs, senior corporate executives, the financial services industry and EMEA investors. The channel is available in more than 130 million homes, 1,400 banks and financial institutions and leading hotels across Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Additionally, CNBC.com gives you access to live streams of all three CNBC regional networks and to the world's most comprehensive archive of business news videos ever assembled.
El Paìs is the leading newspaper in Spanish language. It was born on May 4, 1976, established by a wide group of professionals, intellectuals, journalists and politicians, and it quickly became the most influential and best-selling newspaper in Spain. It currently has an audited circulation of over 400,000 copies and a daily readership of over two million. El Paìs is the global newspaper in Spanish and has its own editions in several European and Latin American capitals. El Paìs has adapted to the new times and is committed to new technologies. Its website, www.elpais.com has increased considerably the number of its users.
France 24 is a leading 24/7 international news channel, broadcast in French, English and Arabic. Covering international current events from a French perspective, France 24 values diversity of opinion, debate and confrontation of viewpoints. France 24 programming provides the keys to understanding ever more complex events through in-depth analysis, with a news bulletin every half hour, magazines, reports and debates. Broadcast throughout the world, France 24 is available on cable, satellite, IPTV, mobile phones and on france24.com. France 24 is watched by 30 million viewers every week.
Distributed in more than 80 countries and read weekly by nearly 800,000 people, Jeune Afrique offers objective coverage of African and international news, as well as thought-provoking analysis of the continent's political and economic challenges. Jeune Afrique is edited by the Groupe Jeune Afrique. As the African continent's leading specialized media company, it registers total sales of 25 million Euros, with 130 contributors across 15 countries.
With a long experience, OCP is a world leader in the phosphate rock and derivatives market. As a major player in the five region where it operates, OCP directly employs 18,000 people. OCP aims to maximize the contribution of our phosphate resources to national development and global food security.
TOTAL is the world's fifth largest publicly-traded integrated international oil and gas company, with operations in more than 13 countries on 5 continents and approximately 97,000 employees. The group is committed to meeting growing energy demand while acting as a responsible corporate citizen.
UC RUSAL is the world's largest producer of aluminium. RUSAL employs about 76,000 people in 19 countries, across 5 continents and markets and sells its products primarily in the European, Asian and North American markets. Its shares are listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange and on Euronext Paris.
Created in 2000 by European companies, EADS is a global leader in aerospace, defence and related services. In 2009, the Group – comprising Airbus, Eurocopter, EADS Astrium and EADS Defence & Security – generated revenues of 42.8 billion and employed a workforce of more than 119,000 worldwide.
World leader in building materials, LAFARGE is present in 78 countries with 78,000 employees. Listed for over five years in the "Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World," Lafarge places innovation and research at the heart of its priorities, with the world's leading building materials research facility.
With approximately 105,000 employees in 110 countries, SANOFI-AVENTIS is a leading diversified healthcare partner centered on patients' needs. The Group focuses on core growth platforms such as emerging markets, vaccines, consumer healthcare, diabetes, innovative products and animal health.
NOVARTIS provides healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies, and thus offers a diversified portfolio in several medical fields. With leading positions in each of these areas, it employs about 99,000 full-time-equivalent associates in more than 140 countries.
The FONDATION ZINSOU is the first private foundation in Benin. While at first mainly an exhibition space for African artists, it has expanded its horizons and activities over the past four years. The promotion of African arts, education, development and reduction of the poverty are now the heart of its project.
The FONDATION LATSIS is a non profitable institution of public interest created in 1975, which established the Latsis Prizes in 1983. The principal purpose of the Latsis Prizes is to recognise and reward scientific and technological work of particular excellence undertaken by young researchers in Switzerland.
Founded in 1968, and now Korea's largest manufacturer of fabricated copper and copper alloy products, Poongsan Corporation plays a crucial role in a wide range of industrial sectors, from heavy industry to high-tech areas such as electronics and semiconductors. The product line includes a broad spectrum of copper and copper alloy products such as sheets, strips, pipes, tubes, rods, bars, wires, precision forging products, and ammunition for military and sporting use. Poongsan also enjoys the distinction of being the world's number one supplier of coin blanks. Governments around the world entrust the company with the task of providing the highest quality coin blanks to be used in minting their coins. Poongsan operates one brass mill, two defense plants, and six domestic affiliates in Korea. In addition, Poongsan has eight overseas subsidiaries with the largest of which is PMX Industries, Inc. in the USA.
The Renault-Nissan Alliance is a strategic partnership between Paris-based Renault and Yokohama, Japan-based Nissan, which together sell one in 10 cars worldwide. The companies, which have been strategic partners since 1999, have 350,000 employees and five major brands: Renault, Nissan, Renault Samsung Motors, Dacia and Infiniti. They sold 7.28 million cars in 2010, making the Alliance the world's third largest automotive group. Since its founding 12 years ago, the cross-cultural Alliance has expanded significantly, particularly into emerging markets. The Alliance is the auto industry's leading champion of sustainable transportation and the only one to have mass-market, affordable zero-emission vehicles for mainstream consumers.
Raiffeisen Bank International AG (RBI) regards both Austria and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as its home market. In CEE, RBI operates an extensive network of financial service providers in 17 markets. RBI is the only Austrian bank with a presence in both the world's financial centres and in Asia, the group's further geographical area of focus. In total, around 60,000 employees service about 13.5 million customers through around 3,000 business outlets.
GDF SUEZ, global player in energy and the environment, develops a model based on responsible growth to take up today's major energy and environmental challenges: meeting energy needs, ensuring the security of supply, fighting against climate change and maximizing the use of resources.
