Honorary Chairman of Lafarge, who has merged with Holcim to form LafargeHolcim. He was a Director of LafargeHolcim until May 2018, and was also a director of several international companies, among which Unilever, Allianz, DuPont and Total. From 1966 to 1975, he worked with the French government in various positions. He joined Lafarge in 1975. He was appointed Chairman and CEO of Lafarge in 1989. He was Chairman of Lafarge from 2003 to 2007. In parallel he was Chairman of Institut de l’Entreprise, of AFEP (Association of the large French companies) and of the WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development). Member of the Institut de France and Past Chairman of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. He graduated from the Ecole polytechnique and the Ecole des Mines in Paris. He also holds a French law degree and a PhD in Management from the University of Texas.