Guerre-Israël Hamas : pour les pays arabes, l’endiguement de la question palestinienne ne peut plus durer

06.11.2023

Par Virginie Robert

Après le massacre du 7 octobre en Israël par le Hamas et les représailles sur Gaza, les pays arabes ne veulent plus que la question palestinienne reste endiguée.

Ils sont prêts à sortir du statu quo. La World Policy Conference, qui vient de se tenir à Abu Dhabi, a fait entendre un langage nouveau de la part de certains acteurs du monde arabe. L’émotion causée par le massacre du 7 octobre, les prises d’otages et la crainte pour les Gazaouis qui subissent les représailles d’Israël contre le Hamas font bouger les lignes.

« La question palestinienne est une question arabe », affirme ainsi Anwar Gargash, conseiller diplomatique de Mohammed ben Zayed, le président des Emirats arabes unis. « La stratégie d’endiguement de la question palestinienne en place depuis 20 ans a échoué », poursuit-il, alors que certains dirigeants arabes l’avaient accepté ces dernières années, allant jusqu’à signer (ce fut le cas des Emirats) les accords d’Abraham avec Israël.

La première urgence du conseiller émirati : obtenir un cessez-le-feu humanitaire, aider les civils, contribuer à faire libérer les otages via une action diplomatique et humanitaire. Les Emiratis ont accordé 45 millions de dollars d’aide aux Palestiniens, dont 20 millions depuis le 7 octobre. « Plus ce conflit durera, plus les risques qu’il s’étende augmenteront », assure-t-il.

Trouver un compromis

Une conviction partagée par les Egyptiens. « Il faut qu’on résolve la question israélo-palestinienne. Sinon le prochain bain de sang n’est qu’une question de temps », affirme Nabil Fahmi, ancien ministre des Affaires étrangères d’Egypte. Il milite pour un processus « qui mette fin à l’occupation, et donne une identité nationale à des Etats viables. On me dit qu’une solution à deux Etats est difficile, je ne vois pas une solution à un Etat où Israéliens et Palestiniens laisseraient leur identité de côté. Cela n’arrivera pas de façon pacifique. »

Ce processus « nécessite une initiative arabe, avec le soutien des Etats-Unis, de la Chine et d’autres encore… », insiste-t-il. Le résultat des négociations entre Israéliens et Autorité palestinienne lors du sommet de Taba en janvier 2001 dans le Sinaï, pourrait servir de base à un compromis, assure-t-il.

« La leçon de cette guerre, c’est qu’il n’y aura pas de paix au Moyen-Orient tant qu’on n’aura pas réglé la question palestinienne », observe Volker Perthes, un grand expert de la région qui a travaillé à des hauts postes pour les Nations unies au Soudan, en Syrie et désormais en Irak, et qui s’exprimait à titre privé.

« Le problème, c’est qu’on n’a pas le bon gouvernement pour ça, constate Itamar Rabinovich, vice-président de l’Institut d’études de sécurité nationale à Tel-Aviv. Il souhaite le retour de l’autorité palestinienne à Gaza. Mais sa vraie crainte concerne l’Iran et ses affiliés (proxies).

[…]

Retrouvez l’intégralité de l’article sur le site des Echos.

Ukraine : hésitations sur la tenue de l’élection présidentielle

03.11.2023

Par Virginie Robert

En pleine guerre, l’Ukraine hésite à préparer une élection présidentielle en mars prochain. Elle doit mobiliser tous ses efforts diplomatiques auprès des Etats-Unis, dont elle attend une aide cruciale, et de l’Union européenne, qu’elle souhaite rejoindre.

Alors que l’Ukraine continue de subir les attaques soutenues de drones et de missiles russes, la tenue d’une élection présidentielle, prévue en mars 2024, semble de plus en plus difficile à organiser. Le président Volodymyr Zelensky s’y était dit favorable il y a quelques semaines.

Interrogé lors de la World Policy Conference, organisée par l’Institut français de relations internationales (Ifri) à Abu Dhabi, aux Emirats arabes unis, Dmytro Kubela, le ministre des Affaires étrangères ukrainien, a expliqué en visioconférence les « énormes difficultés » que représente la mise en place du scrutin. Il faudrait notamment changer la législation, la loi martiale, en cours depuis l’invasion russe, interdisant toute élection.

Avec une population partie en exil depuis le début de l’invasion russe, 5 à 6 millions d’Ukrainiens – surtout des femmes et des enfants – sont maintenant partiellement ou complètement domiciliés à l’étranger. Il faudrait installer des centaines de milliers de bureaux de vote en Europe, et les pays étrangers ne sauraient accepter des bureaux hors des consulats ou ambassades. Ensuite, « comment éviter que ces bureaux ne deviennent des cibles pour les drones russes ? » observe Dmytro Kubela.

Autres difficultés : faire voter les Ukrainiens encore localisés dans le Donbass, en plein coeur du champ de bataille, ou encore les soldats, dans les tranchées. Rien n’est décidé : « nous réfléchissons à la tenue de ces élections », commente le ministre des Affaires étrangères. « Nous sommes une démocratie et nous voulons nous développer en tant que telle, mais vous devez comprendre les énormes difficultés que cela pose », poursuit-il.

Diplomatie

L’urgence est pour l’instant ailleurs. Il s’agit de « persuader le Congrès américain, qui doit allouer des fonds, de continuer à soutenir l’Ukraine », explique Dmytro Kubela. Un impératif, avant la tenue de l’élection présidentielle américaine en novembre prochain. L’administration Biden propose un « package » de 92 milliards de dollars pour soutenir ses alliés. Il y aurait 61,4 milliards dévolus à l’Ukraine – dont 30 milliards d’équipements et 14,4 milliards pour le renseignement et le soutien militaire par le biais du département de la défense.

Des fonds sont aussi destinés à Israël (14,3 milliards de dollars) et à Taïwan (7,4 milliards). Mais le nouveau « speaker » de la Chambre des représentants, Mike Johnson, propose de découpler l’aide à l’Ukraine et à Israël, et lie la première à des économies sur l’administration fiscale.

[…]

Retrouvez l’intégralité de l’article sur les Echos.

Le monde comme il va: guerre à Gaza / Ukraine

05.11.2023

Podcast par Marie-France Chatin

Les gouvernements occidentaux paient aujourd’hui leur impuissance à trouver, voire à chercher une solution à la question palestinienne. Ils paient leur incapacité à adapter la gouvernance internationale qu’ils dominaient aux nouvelles réalités des équilibres mondiaux. Les Américains ont-ils commis une erreur en plaçant le processus de normalisation entre Israël et les pays arabes avant toute tentative de résolution du conflit ? Le regard de Thierry Montbrial, fondateur et président de l’IFRI et de la World Policy Conference.

Émission enregistrée à Abu Dhabi dans le cadre de la World Policy Conference.

Retrouvez le podcast sur le site de RFI.

Guerre Israël-Hamas : « Le rôle de l’Iran sera crucial »

03.11.2023

Par Virginie Robert

Fondateur de la World Policy Conference qui tient sa 16e édition à Abu Dhabi ce week-end, en partenariat avec « Les Echos », Thierry de Montbrial revient sur les crises qui secouent le système international, du conflit qui oppose Israël au Hamas à la guerre en Ukraine.

La violence de l’attaque du Hamas le 7 octobre a stupéfié le monde et enclenché une nouvelle guerre au Moyen-Orient. Est-ce le résultat d’une question israélo-palestinienne trop longtemps laissée de côté ?

Je me garderai d’établir une relation simple de cause à effet pour expliquer l’attaque barbare lancée par le Hamas le 7 octobre. Je dirais plutôt que le Hamas s’est appuyé cyniquement sur l’enterrement apparent du conflit israélo-palestinien pour déclencher une guerre dont le véritable enjeu est l’avenir du Moyen-Orient dans son ensemble.

Quant au conflit lui-même, c’est un fait que personne n’a travaillé sérieusement à la solution des deux Etats depuis une vingtaine d’années. La France pas plus que les autres Occidentaux. Les Arabes non plus. J’ajoute que sur cette question comme sur tant d’autres, les Européens ont du mal à raisonner en termes stratégiques. Nous ne nous référons qu’à des principes (démocraties contre démocratures, par exemple) et à l’idée que nous nous faisons du bien et du mal.

Il est possible que le rapprochement de l’Arabie saoudite et d’Israël ait contribué au choix du moment de l’attaque. Mais l’agression a été préparée pendant longtemps. Le plus stupéfiant, c’est l’effet de surprise. L’évolution de la politique intérieure d’Israël l’explique en partie. Ce drame nous rappelle aussi que la technologie ne peut pas tout. On le voit également en Ukraine, où l’on en est revenu à une guerre de tranchées .

Est-ce qu’Israël a mal alloué ses ressources militaires ?

Les Israéliens ont été distraits par leurs affaires intérieures, et notamment la réforme judiciaire. Ils ont aussi été sanctionnés par l’hubris, l’idée d’un Israël devenu invincible en particulier grâce à la technologie. L’allocation des forces, notamment en Cisjordanie, a également joué. Le Hamas a spéculé sur tout cela.

L’Etat hébreu veut détruire le Hamas. Faut-il craindre un embrasement régional ?

Dans la durée, la haine se nourrit du passé, du sentiment d’injustice, de questions non réglées et, naturellement, des propagandes. Je ne sais pas si l’éradication militaire du Hamas est possible, j’en doute. Le risque d’un embrasement régional est réel , mais ce n’est dans l’intérêt de personne. Cela dit, même contenue, la guerre fera des dégâts considérables.

Le rôle de l’Iran sera crucial. Depuis la révolution de 1979-1980, ce pays s’est habilement affiché devant les opinions publiques arabes comme le seul vrai défenseur de la cause palestinienne. Les Persans s’emploient à diviser les Arabes. Comme toujours. C’est ainsi qu’on doit comprendre le slogan de Téhéran, qui rejoint celui du Hamas, prônant l’éradication d’Israël. Mais je doute que l’Iran veuille prendre explicitement le risque d’une guerre avec les Etats-Unis. Dans l’immédiat, le principal danger est l’embrasement incontrôlable des opinions publiques. Y compris en Europe, particulièrement en France .

Comment peut évoluer, vu les circonstances, le rapprochement de l’ Arabie saoudite avec l’Iran ?

L’objectif de l’Arabie saoudite est de se moderniser et, à terme, d’occuper une place majeure dans l’équilibre du Moyen-Orient. L’Iran aussi, bien sûr. Il y a de la marge pour une certaine entente entre les deux.

Est-ce que la France et l’Union européenne peuvent jouer un rôle ?

L’Union européenne n’a pas de politique étrangère au sens fort , car elle n’est pas un Etat et ne dispose pas en tant que telle des leviers de la force, que ce soit sur le plan économique ou militaire. Elle n’a pas de vision claire de son identité et donc de ses intérêts à défendre. Il n’y a pas véritablement d’exécutif européen.

Une politique étrangère se compose d’actions cohérentes poursuivies dans la durée, avec de vrais moyens, et repose sur une vision véritablement géopolitique, jamais uniquement sur des principes abstraits comme la démocratie et les droits de l’Homme. L’Union européenne peut cependant contribuer aux actions humanitaires, distribuer de l’argent (à quelles conditions ?), sanctionner, parler aux belligérants, plaider pour un règlement politique.

Aux antipodes des Européens, malgré les courants idéologiques qui les traversent, les Américains possèdent un sens aigu de leur identité et de leurs intérêts. Ils restent des champions dans le maniement du bâton et de la carotte. Démocrates ou républicains, ils pratiquent toujours un discours moralisateur, mais sans jamais perdre le sens du concret. Quand il le faut, ils n’hésitent pas à se retourner brusquement.

Vous êtes l’un de ceux qui pensent qu’on ne résoudra le conflit ukrainien que par la diplomatie. C’est une position que beaucoup réfutent car ils ne veulent pas récompenser l’agression russe en Ukraine…

Nombreux sont ceux, dans les capitales occidentales, qui réfléchissent à l’issue de cette guerre sans en parler ouvertement. L’histoire du monde est remplie de situations inacceptables, mais que l’on finit par accepter, souvent à contrecœur. La guerre change tout, au cours du temps.

[…]

Retrouvez l’intégralité de l’interview sur le site des Echos.

Mohammed Abu Zafar

Ambassador of Bangladesh to UAE and Permanent Representative to IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency). His Excellency Mohammed Abu Zafar, a career diplomat, joined Bangladesh Civil Service (Foreign Affairs) in 1991. During his 31 years of service with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Bangladesh, he served in different capacities at home and abroad. Prior to his diplomatic career, he worked in the Ministry of Post & Telecommunication as well as in the Ministry of Agriculture since 1987. 

Etienne Berchtold

Ambassador of the Republic of Austria to the United Arab Emirates. At the Federal Chancellery in Vienna, H.E. Dr. Etienne Berchtold previously worked as Foreign and European policy spokesperson for three Austrian Chancellors. Before that, Etienne Berchtold, who studied law, worked for several years as spokesperson for the Austrian foreign minister Sebastian Kurz, respectively before among others as an employee at the Permanent Representation to the EU in Brussels and for Shell Austria GmbH in Austria.

Younes Zrikem

Partner and Director at the Boston Consulting Group. Based in Morocco, Mr. Zrikem is BCG’s Public Sector Practice node for Africa. He serves clients in governments on various issues (social protection, food systems, trade, investment, and climate change). Before joining BCG, he was a Partner at Roland Berger and worked for Azura, a leading agriculture Moroccan company. Prior to that, Mr. Zrikem served as an adviser to the Moroccan Prime Minister and a Project Director at Sciences Po Paris. Mr. Zrikem studied at École normale supérieure, Sciences Po Paris and La Sorbonne.

Douraid Zaghouani

Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer at Investment Corporation of Dubai – ICD. He is the Chief Operating Officer of ICD, Dubai’s sovereign wealth fund ($380 billion AUM). Leading the corporate functions, he supports the Managing Director in the corporate strategy development and is responsible for the efficient operational management of the organization with the aim of optimizing business performance. He is a member of several boards, including IHI – International Hotel Investments, Dangote Cement, and SmartStream. Prior to joining ICD, he was with Xerox for over 25 years during which he held several board, general management, leadership and transformation roles in Europe, North America and globally. His last position was Corporate Officer and President, Channel Partner Operations for Xerox based in New York. In this role, he led an end-to-end global business generating over $10 billion in revenue. On a social and humanitarian level, he has always been very active in the fields of education, innovation and health. He is a member of the board of directors of IPEMED (Institut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranée). He studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, holds an engineering degree from the National School of State Public Works – ENTPE (France) and is also graduated in Business Administration – Strategy and Management – from ESSEC (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales) in Paris. He has lived and worked in France, USA, Spain, Italy, UK and Dubai and speaks French, English, Spanish, Italian and Arabic.

Penelope Naas

Former President of International Public Affairs and Sustainability at UPS. An experienced global leader, Mrs. Naas leads teams in the development and execution of strategies in complex, regulated environments. In her previous role, she led efforts to advance strategies for UPS and its customers on issues including climate change, cross-border trade, and digitalization. She began her UPS career joining as the Head of Public Affairs in the then-EMEA Region. Prior to joining UPS, she worked for Citigroup in the Global Government Affairs team. She opened Citigroup’s first government affairs office in Brussels, where she advanced legislative and regulatory strategies on issues that arose after the 2008 Financial Crisis. She started her career at the US Department of Commerce, where she worked for 13 years in various roles covering global commercial issues. Her final role was to lead the office of Europe, where she oversaw US-European commercial issues. She is an experienced Director on various not-for-profit Board of Directors. Mrs. Naas has a bachelor’s degree in economics and a master’s degree in public policy from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She is a US and Belgian citizen.

Abdulrahman A. Al Hamidy

Director General and Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF). Before taking on this position, H.E. Dr. Abdulrahman A. Al Hamidy was Vice Governor of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA). He has also served as Deputy Governor for Technical Affairs at SAMA, Director General at Economic Research and Statistics, as well as Director of Training, Research and Information at the Institute of Banking. Before that, he taught Economics at the King Saud University. Dr. Al Hamidy was a member of the Board of Executive Directors in the Arab Monetary Fund, as well as other organizations. He has participated in international meetings such as G20, International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB), as well as meetings of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS), Financial Stability Board (FSB), and Council of Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). In addition, with his appointment as Director General Chairman of the Board of the Arab Monetary Fund, Dr. Al Hamidy also holds the position of Chief Executive Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of the Arab Trade Financing Program “ATFP” and Chairman of the Board of “BUNA”.

Nicolas Niemtchinow

French Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates since December 2022. Mr. Nicolas Niemtchinow studied at École Nationale d’Administration (ENA), École Normale Supérieure (ENS), and Sciences Po Paris (IEP, Paris), BA and MA in History. He joined the Foreign Service in 1995. He holds the rank of Minister plenipotentiary. He was first desk officer for NATO and European Defense in the Strategic Affairs Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1995-1998). He was posted to the French Embassy in Moscow, as first Secretary, then to the French Embassy in Amman, as Deputy Head of Mission. He was subsequently appointed as Deputy Director of Strategic Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005-2009). He then served as the diplomatic adviser to the Minister of Defense (2010-2011) and Deputy Director of the State Minister’s private office at the Ministry of European and Foreign Affairs (2011-2012). He was appointed Ambassador, permanent representative of France to the United Nations’ Office in Geneva and to the international organizations in Switzerland (2012-2015) then Deputy General Director to the International Labour Organization (ILO, UN-Geneva) from 2015 to 2017. From October 2017 to November 2022, he served as Strategy Director at Ministry of Defense.

Kristinn Ingi Lárusson

Head of business development and commercialization of Carbfix, a knowledge-based company offering consultancy and service in the field of capturing CO2. Mr. Lárusson holds an MBA from the University of Edinburgh and a BSc degree in business management and international business from the University of South Carolina Columbia. He has a vast global business background, including extensive experience in finance and business development. Mr. Lárusson has served as a board member for several IT and financial companies both in Iceland and abroad after having been the CEO of On-Waves (maritime mobile network communications) between 2013 and 2020 (Reykjavik, Rotterdam, Copenhagen). Prior to that Mr. Lárusson headed Síminn Telecommunications business development since the privatization of the company in 2005 (London, Reykjavik, and Copenhagen) and worked in the banking industry for both Kaupthing bank and Reykjavik Savings Bank in corporate, investment banking as well as asset management from 1996.

Kim Chang-beom

Vice Chairman & CEO of the Federation of Korean Industries. Prior to joining the FKI, he served as Global Advisor for Hyundai Motor Group. He served as Korean Ambassador to Indonesia. He also worked in Brussels as Korean Ambassador to the European Union and Belgium. Amb. Kim has special ties and experiences with EU affairs, ASEAN and Indonesia, in particular. During his career, he made significant contributions to the promotion of Korea’s partnership with the EU and ASEAN through summit meeting preparations and substantial progresses in trade, investment, and people–to–people exchanges. He has worked together with the Indonesian Government in reaching a final conclusion of Indonesia – Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK CEPA). As a career foreign service officer, he has served five overseas posts (US, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, EU/Belgium) and worked at various positions within the Korean Government ever since he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1981. He has worked for President Lee Myung-bak as Chief of Presidential Protocol at the office of the President. He earned a Master’s degree from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, DC, USA and is a distinguished graduate of Seoul National University.

Ana Birchall

Special Envoy for Strategic and International Affairs Nuclearelectrica. Ms. Birchall works particularly within the North American Energy and Security Partnership, as well as other strategic partnerships. With over 20 years of experience in law, foreign policy and international relations, she has a law degree from the University of Bucharest, a master’s degree and a doctorate in law from the prestigious Yale Law School, USA. She worked on Wall Street as a lawyer at one of the largest law firms in the world. Since 2003, Ms. Birchall has returned home with her family and joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs team, promoting Romania’s interests of integration in NATO and EU membership. Subsequently, she decided to get involved in political life by holding the position of Deputy Prime Minister for Romania’s Strategic Partnerships, Minister of Justice, Minister Delegate for European Affairs, High Government Representative for US Relations and European Affairs, member of the Romanian Parliament, President of the Commission for European Affairs in the Chamber of Deputies, President of the Special Commission for the Presidency of Romania at the European Union Council, President of the Delegation of the Romanian Parliament to the OSCE.

Matt Atwood

Founder and CEO of AirCapture, a supplier of clean CO2 captured from the atmosphere to radically improve the environment, the economy, and our lives. He is a technologist, chemist, entrepreneur, and pioneer in the DAC space. He has over 20 years’ experience in renewable and climate technology development and over a decade of experience with DAC and CO2 utilization technologies. He developed the world’s first energy-positive wastewater treatment platform as Founder & CEO of Algae Systems. He has built and commercialized technologies in CO2, water, AgTech, waste treatment, and biofuels.

Ernesto Damiani

Dean of the College of Computing and Mathematical Sciences and Director of the Center for Cyber-Physical System at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, where he leads the SESAR research lab, and President of the National Interuniversity Consortium for Computer Science. His research interests include Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cyber-physical systems, secure service-oriented architectures, privacy-preserving big data analytics and cyber-physical systems security. He has held visiting positions at several international institutions, including Universities in the US, Japan, Australia and France. He is a Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Progress of Science. He has been Principal Investigator in several Next Generation Europe research projects funded by the European Commission, the Italian Ministry of Research and by private companies. He serves in the editorial board of several international journals. Ernesto Damiani is an ACM Distinguished Scientist and a Senior Member of the IEEE. He received the IEEE IES Chester-Sall Award in 2007, the IEEE ICWS/Service Society Stephen S. Yau Award and the IEEE TCHS Research and Innovation Award.

Her Highness Sheikha Intisar AlSabah

Founder of Intisar Foundation. HH Sheikha Intisar AlSabah is a philanthropist, entrepreneur, author, film producer, columnist, and a princess of the AlSabah family, the ruling family of Kuwait. Her pioneering contribution to humanity’s greatest cause – Peace – is embodied in Intisar Foundation which has developed and introduced an innovative approach to the field of Peacebuilding that is rooted in enabling the psychological recovery and self-empowerment of women traumatised by war and violence through the use of drama therapy. HH Sheikha Intisar received the insignia of the Knight in the Order of the Crown by His Majesty King Philippe of Belgium, and the insignia of the Knight of the French National Order of the Legion of Honour by H.E. Former French President François Holland. She was also included in the 50 Most Influential Women in The Arab World in 2021 by CEO Middle East, MOJEH 100 Women in the MENA region 2022, Arabian Business 50 Inspiring Women Leaders 2023 by Arabian Business, Most Creative People in Business in the Middle East 2023 by Fast Company Middle East, among other recognitions. In addition to her philanthropic work, HH Sheikha Intisar’s social enterprises (Intisars and Ebbarra) spearhead a new movement of women’s self-empowerment, while her non-profit organisations (Alnowair and Bareec) supplement the formal education system and improve organisational cultures with programmes in socio-emotional skills based upon positive psychology.

Annette Nazareth

Chair of the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (Integrity Council), an independent governance body for the voluntary carbon market. Ms. Nazareth has devoted significant attention to virtually all aspects of the body’s workstreams, and represents the Integrity Council in venues across the globe. She has decades of experience in financial services regulation and corporate governance. She currently serves as Senior Counsel at the global law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell, having previously served as a Partner of the firm and the Head of the Washington DC office. She also led the firm’s Trading and Markets practice within the Financial Institutions Group. She was a key player in US financial services regulation for nearly a decade, most notably as a Commissioner of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and as the SEC’s Director of the Division of Trading and Markets. She is a graduate of Brown University and Columbia Law School.

Vahan Kostanyan

Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. Throughout his professional journey, he served as Assistant to the Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia, then assumed the role of Head of the First Deputy Prime Minister’s Office of the Republic of Armenia. Continuing in the political arena, Mr. Kostanyan became the Spokesperson of the “Civil Contract” Party and subsequently served as Assistant to the President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia, followed by the position of Adviser to the President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia. In 2021, he ventured into diplomacy, taking on the roles of Assistant and later Adviser to the Foreign Minister of the Republic of Armenia. Notably, in 2023, Mr. Kostanyan was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs by the decision of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia. Mr. Kostanyan pursued his studies in Oriental Studies at Yerevan State University. His academic pursuits include a Public Administration course at the University of Massachusetts (USA) in 2012, courses in Conflictology and Human Rights of the Council of Europe from 2012 to 2017, and an Iranian Studies Course at Payame Noor University (Tehran) in 2018.

Karima Anbar

CEO and a board member of Intisar Foundation, the first and only charity (founded by HH Sheikha Intisar AlSabah), operating in the Middle East that provides psychological support to women affected by war, armed conflicts, trauma and violence through Drama Therapy. Intisar Foundation’s mission is also the bring Peace to the region through mental health. Karima Anbar is also the Founding Member and Director General of the Global Diwan, an international club connecting East and West leaders and established to boost business, academic, cultural projects and initiatives through exclusive events. The Global Diwan provides to its members a platform for unique opportunities of meeting and networking in Europe and in the main Arab capital cities. Karima Anbar started her career as a French Diplomat in the field of human rights, women rights, political analysis and civil societies in Arab countries. 

Jay Truesdale

CEO at TD International, a top global advisor on geopolitical strategy, market intelligence, and risk compliance. Prior to joining TDI, he served as CEO of Veracity Worldwide, the New-York based risk advisory firm. He previously was a leader at McKinsey & Company on strategy and risk management topics spanning five continents and multiple industries. As a career Foreign Service Officer, he had tours as Chief of Staff at the US Embassy in Pakistan and as Special Assistant to then-Deputy Secretaries of State William Burns and Antony Blinken, with additional diplomatic postings in Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, and at the US Mission to the OSCE. Jay is a US Navy reserve Foreign Area Officer specialized in Europe and Africa. He is a former Fulbright Scholar, Boren Fellow, and Rotary Ambassadorial Scholar. He holds degrees from Stanford, Harvard, and the Fletcher School at Tufts, and he speaks French, German, and Russian.

Martin Tricaud

Group Head of Investment Banking at First Abu Dhabi Bank (FAB) and Group Head of International Banking, Chairman of FAB Private Bank Suisse, member of the Executive Committee. With a focus on regional expansion, Martin has led the development of the FAB product proposition and the client coverage model and is reinforcing FAB’s positioning as a regional leader in the Investment Banking space. Prior to joining FAB, Martin held several senior positions within HSBC group, including Deputy Chairman and CEO for the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey, and was Group General Manager at HSBC. He was also the CEO for HSBC Australia and for HSBC Korea and held senior leadership positions over two decades at HSBC Global Banking and Markets across the Middle East, the UK and Europe. In addition to leading FAB’s Investment Banking franchise, Martin is also a trustee of the University Paris II Assas, Sorbonne, and was appointed French Foreign Trade Advisor by French Prime Minister decree in 2001. Martin graduated from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, holds a Master’s in Law from La Sorbonne University, Paris, and a bachelor’s degree in history from Paris Nanterre University.

Arno Amabile

Secretary of the French national committee on generative Artificial Intelligence and deputy head of the Corps des mines, a talent development program recruiting each year top 18 French engineers to work as civil servants in energy and environmental policy, digital transformation as well economic and industrial development. Before that, Arno Amabile has brought the State’s support for economic and industrial development in the eastern region around Strasbourg, heading the local efforts to support and stimulate the economy during the pandemic. He has also worked for the ministry of Justice to elaborate their new digital transformation plan. Each time, is has sought to bring his passion for empowering people and organizations to reach agility and operational excellence. Arno is a graduate of the Paris Ecole Normale Supérieure in Economics and the New York University in Urban data science, as well as a Fulbright laureate and a graduate of the Corps des mines program at Mines Paris.

Abdulnasser Alshaali

Ambassador of the UAE to the Republic of India since September 2022. Former Assistant Minister for Economic and Trade Affairs (ETA), he was previously Director of the ETA Department and Director of Policy Planning Department (PPD) from December 2016 to February 2019. Alshaali joined the Ministry in March 2013 as an Economist in the Office of the Foreign Minister, before being appointed as the Head of Research and Content Management in November 2014. In November 2015, he was assigned as Deputy Director of PPD. Before joining the Ministry, Alshaali worked at Emirates. His current board memberships include the Anwar Gargash Diplomatic Academy (AGDA) Board of Trustees. His previous board memberships included the Zayed Unviersity (ZU) Council and the National Media Council. He holds a PhD in Economics from the Australian National University and a Master’s in Business Management from Paris Sorbonne University. He also holds a Master’s of Business Administration from Murdoch University and a Bachelor’s of Science in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance from the American University of Sharjah. He has won several awards, including the Foreign Minister’s Medal for the Distinguished Leader as Assistant Minister, the Foreign Minister’s Medal for the Distinguished Director, the Foreign Minister’s Award for the Distinguished Employee, and the Knowledge Day Award by the Crown Prince of Ajman.

Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle

Visiting Scholar and Luksic Fellow at Harvard University’s David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies in Cambridge, MA, and a Senior Advisor at BCG focusing on foreign investment, international trade, geopolitics and economic development. He was CEO of InvestChile. His experience also includes acting as senior international consultant on nearshoring at the Inter-American Development Bank, and as Head of international trade and investment policy at the World Economic Forum, where he spearheaded Davos’ engagements on FDI and represented WEF before the B20, OECD, APEC, UNCTAD and other international organizations. Prior to that, he served as trade and environment lead negotiator and investment negotiator at the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, where he also negotiated other international agreements on investment, services, air transport and climate change including at the UNFCCC COPs. He currently serves on several boards including at the Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO), Start-Up Chile, and the global Climate Governance Initiative (CGI).

Sam Gill

Co-Founder and President of Sylvera, a leading carbon data provider. Prior to co-founding Sylvera, Mr. Gill was a corporate lawyer. Most recently, he worked at Baker McKenzie focusing on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) products, where he gained exposure to the carbon markets’ issues and opportunities. He began his legal career as an investment funds Associate at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. He holds a Bachelor’s of Law from Cardiff University. 

Helmut Gassel

Silian Partner, former Management Board member of Infineon. He contributes c.30 years of semiconductor industry experience. He was Chief Marketing Officer from 2016 to 2022 with responsibilities encompassing marketing, sales, strategy and M&A. In this capacity, he led the €9bn acquisition and integration of Cypress Semiconductor and contributed to transform Infineon into a global top 10 semiconductor company. Prior to joining Infineon in 1995 as a semiconductor design engineer, he worked in semiconductor research at Fraunhofer Institute.

Arthur Mattli

Ambassador of Switzerland to the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Arthur Mattli graduated with a degree in law from the University of Fribourg. After assignments as Delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Jerusalem, Damascus, Riyadh and Dubrovnik, an assistantship at the University of Fribourg and a research residency in New York, he joined the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. After an internship with the Political Affairs Division I in Bern and the Swiss Mission to the European Community in Brussels, he was leading the Economic and Trade Section of the Swiss Embassy in Beijing. He was later appointed Head of the Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Section of the Directorate of International Law in Berne. He served as Deputy Head of mission of the Swiss Embassy in Nairobi and in New Delhi, and as Head of Mission of the Swiss Embassy in Bucharest until July 2023. Ambassador Mattli was Head of Division for Europe, Central Asia, Council of Europe and OSCE at the Directorate of Political Affairs in Bern. He was Head of Mission in Dar es Salaam, where he represented Switzerland at the East African Community and in Zambia. Ambassador Mattli is now serving as Head of Mission of the Swiss Embassy in Abu Dhabi.

Handel Jones

Founder and CEO of International Business Strategies (IBS). For over 33 years, IBS has been focused on key activities in global electronics industry that impact semiconductor ecosystem. As CEO of IBS, Dr. Jones interfaces with most global leaders in electronics industry, with customers in U.S., Europe, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, India, and others. IBS delivers projects market trends to 2030. Dr. Handel Jones has published four books on China regarding key factors in electronics and semiconductor industries. His latest book is called When AI Rules the World: China, the U.S., and the Race to Control a Smart Planet.

Max Mirgoli

Executive Vice president of World Wide Strategic Partnerships at IMEC and a member of IMEC Executive Board. Mr. Mirgoli has over 33 years of experience in the high tech and semiconductor industry and has held numerous leadership and executive roles in some of the most innovative companies in the world. In addition to his role at IMEC, he serves as investor and advisor and board member in many successful start ups. Prior to Joining IMEC, Mr. Mirgoli was C.O.O and Managing Director of ICOS Vision Systems (NASDAQ IVIS) a highly successful start up from Belgium that was taken public and acquired by KLA TENCOR (NASDAQ KLAC) in 2009 where he held several executive leaderships role after the sale. Prior to ICOS Vision Systems, Mr. Mirgoli was the corporate Sr.Vice president and Global GM of Automation group of Panasonic where he managed a P&L of over 1 billion dollars globally for Panasonic reporting directly to the president and CEO of Panasonic Americas. Mr. Mirgoli holds an MBA from College of Notre Dame and an Electrical Engineering degree in Robotics from University of California and a Linguistics degree from University of Madrid.