L’élection de Biden-Harris : un répit en vue de quoi ?

Portrait de Thierry de Montbrial © Bahi

Éditorial du 8 novembre 2020

J’écris cette septième lettre le dimanche 8 novembre. Hier, la victoire du couple Joe Biden – Kamala Harris a été proclamée urbi et orbi par la presse mondiale. On nous dit cependant que les avocats de Donald Trump vont multiplier les recours et bien peu semblent penser qu’ils aient une chance d’aboutir. A ce stade, on doit donc prendre acte de ce que l’actuel occupant de la maison Blanche rejoint le club fort restreint des one term presidents. D’autres observations s’imposent non moins immédiatement. La vague bleue annoncée par les sondages n’a pas eu lieu, loin de là. Il s’en est fallu de peu que la balance ne penche en faveur de l’adversaire de Biden dans les Etats pivots, d’où les recours. Les démocrates n’ont pas atteint leurs objectifs au Sénat et à la Chambre des représentants. Plutôt que de la victoire d’un homme, qui s’est peu dépensé pendant la campagne, on parle beaucoup de celle d’un couple : Biden – Harris. Ce point est capital, car le nouveau président paraît fragile et l’ancienne procureure de la Californie a des chances d’accéder à la Maison Blanche dans quatre ans, sinon avant.

Or, contrairement à son ancien adversaire dans la bataille des primaires, Kamala Harris fait partie psychologiquement du nouveau monde, éloigné de l’Europe (mais proche de l’Asie), celui où se joue la compétition entre les Etats-Unis et la Chine pour l’accès à la primauté. Dans ce monde-là, les Européens sont relégués aux seconds rôles. En raison de son âge et de son expérience personnelle, le président élu (élu, sous réserve d’un coup de théâtre fort peu probable) reste attaché à l’Alliance atlantique, comme aussi certains de ses conseillers tel Anthony Blinken, bien connu en France. Mais les observateurs lucides savent que, au moins depuis le début de ce siècle, l’Europe n’a cessé de s’estomper dans l’esprit des acteurs comme des penseurs de la politique étrangère américaine. Avant d’entrer un minimum dans ce sujet, j’ajouterai encore deux remarques. D’abord, l’issue de l’élection du 3 novembre ne signifie nullement que les divisions de la société américaine vont disparaître comme par enchantement. Biden est certainement plein de bonne volonté, mais il est tout sauf un enchanteur, et les raisons des divisions américaines, dont j’ai parlé dans mes dernières lettres, sont profondes. Incidemment, le relatif échec des démocrates au Sénat et à la Chambre des représentants pourra aider le nouveau président à ne pas trop s’éloigner du centre, comme l’aurait souhaité Kamala Harris. Le point réellement important est que le trumpisme reste une force considérable dans le pays. Trump lui-même pourrait continuer de l’incarner dans les prochaines années s’il ne dérape pas dans les prochaines semaines. A ce sujet – c’est ma seconde remarque – on doit se féliciter de ce que les explosions de violence au lendemain de l’élection, prédites par nombre d’analystes, n’aient pas eu lieu. On peut penser qu’elles ne seraient pas dans l’intérêt du président sortant, si du moins celui-ci songe à préserver un capital politique dont l’ampleur est indéniable.

A l’évidence, les débuts du 46e président des Etats-Unis seront dominés par la pandémie de Covid-19 et ses conséquences de toutes sortes. Mais la politique étrangère n’attendra pas. Il est inutile de répéter ici le point de vue dominant parmi les experts reconnus sur le sujet, que l’on peut caricaturer ainsi : changement dans la forme (retour à la pratique classique de la diplomatie, à l’invocation des droits de l’homme, ou encore à une interprétation minimaliste du multilatéralisme), mais continuité dans l’objectif fondamental (America first) et dans l’attitude vis-à-vis des partenaires (« qui n’est pas pour nous est contre nous »). La culture américaine du pouvoir, au contraire de celle des Européens affaiblis par les deux guerres mondiales, est celle des rapports de force. Plutôt que d’enchaîner des lieux communs sur ces sujets, résumons à très grands traits trois points-clé amplement développés dans mes écrits depuis trois décennies. Je me limiterai ici au point de vue européen.

  1. La cause la plus fondamentale de la chute de l’URSS et donc la fin de la guerre froide fut la révolution des technologies de l’information et de la communication. On peut y voir le fruit du génie américain pour le capitalisme créatif et d’une culture unique dans son genre de soutien réciproque entre l’Etat et les entreprises quand l’intérêt national est en jeu. Cette révolution n’a cessé de s’approfondir depuis les années 1970. Elle est symbolisée aujourd’hui par les GAFA, en quelque sorte les fers de lance de l’Amérique conquérante.
  2. La vague libérale qui a submergé le monde entre la chute de l’URSS et la crise financière de la fin des années 2000 – en un temps où la Russie était hors-jeu ou très faible, et la Chine encore modeste (son PIB était à peine égal à celui de la France quand elle a rejoint l’OMC en 2001) – a d’abord profité aux Etats-Unis. L’Amérique a ainsi pu consolider sa domination sur les pays peu soucieux d’indépendance nationale. Ce fut le cas des Européens, désormais soumis à l’extraterritorialité des lois américaines. La vague libérale a également bénéficié à la Chine. Grâce à un effort extraordinaire dans le secteur éducatif, celle-ci a fort habilement utilisé sa situation de réservoir mondial de main d’œuvre à bas coût pour réaliser les gigantesques transferts de technologies grâce auxquels son accès à la primauté au cours du XXIe siècle est devenu une possibilité sérieuse.
  3. La réalité de base pour les prochaines décennies est la compétition stratégique sino-américaine, vis-à-vis de laquelle les puissances de second rang, comme l’Union européenne en tant qu’unité politique, devront prendre position. Donald Trump voulait se retirer de l’OTAN. Joe Biden voudra sans doute la renforcer, c’est-à-dire dans son esprit, rallier ses membres derrière la bannière étoilée, politiquement et économiquement, dans la lutte contre la Chine. Pour les Européens, dont l’appétit pour un rapprochement stratégique avec la Chine n’est pas débordant et qui, contrairement aux principales puissances asiatiques, n’ont pas brillé dans la course technologique, la tentation de s’en remettre encore plus que pendant la guerre froide au protectorat américain pourrait être irrésistible. Mais avec quelle perspective de long terme, et dans quelles conditions s’agissant de son voisinage immédiat en Europe de l’Est, au Moyen Orient et en Afrique ? Telle est la question.

Dans l’immédiat, les Européens se réjouissent de l’élection d’un président américain à nouveau empathique qui leur fera bon accueil dans le bureau ovale et ailleurs. Ils ne sont pas les seuls à aspirer au répit, à un moment où ils font face à l’ennemi invisible qui les menace comme il menace les Américains. Puisse l’Alliance atlantique à court terme être d’abord l’alliance contre le virus. Pour une fois dans son histoire, n’avons-nous pas l’occasion de réinterpréter l’article 5 du traité et de mobiliser toutes les ressources de l’OTAN pour un combat collectif contre la pandémie ?

Thierry de Montbrial

Fondateur et président de la WPC
Fondateur et président exécutif de l’Ifri

Joseph Nye: Can Joe Biden’s America Be Trusted?

Can Joe Biden’s America Be Trusted?

Project Syndicate – 04.12.2020

By Joseph S. Nye, JR.

America’s friends and allies have come to distrust it in the wake of Donald Trump’s presidency. Joe Biden will do all that he can to repair the damage, but the deeper problem is that many are asking whether Trump was merely a symptom of the decline of American democracy.

CAMBRIDGE – Friends and allies have come to distrust the United States. Trust is closely related to truth, and President Donald Trump is notoriously loose with the truth. All presidents have lied, but never on such a scale that it debases the currency of trust. International polls show that America’s soft power of attraction has declined sharply over Trump’s presidency.

Can President-elect Joe Biden restore that trust? In the short run, yes. A change of style and policy will improve America’s standing in most countries. Trump was an outlier among US presidents. The presidency was his first job in government, after spending his career in the zero-sum world of New York City real estate and reality television, where outrageous statements hold the media’s attention and help you control the agenda.

In contrast, Biden is a well-vetted politician with long experience in foreign policy derived from decades in the Senate and eight years as vice president. Since the election, his initial statements and appointments have had a profoundly reassuring effect on allies.

Trump’s problem with allies was not his slogan “America First.” As I argue in Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump, presidents are entrusted with promoting the national interest. The important moral issue is how a president defines the national interest.

Trump chose narrow transactional definitions and, according to his former national security adviser, John Bolton, sometimes confused the national interest with his own personal, political, and financial interests. In contrast, many US presidents since Harry Truman have often taken a broad view of the national interest and did not confuse it with their own. Truman saw that helping others was in America’s national interest, and even forswore putting his name on the Marshall Plan for assistance to post-war reconstruction in Europe.

In contrast, Trump had disdain for alliances and multilateralism, which he readily displayed at meetings of the G7 or NATO. Even when he took useful actions in standing up to abusive Chinese trade practices, he failed to coordinate pressure on China, instead levying tariffs on US allies. Small wonder that many of them wondered if America’s (proper) opposition to the Chinese tech giant Huawei was motivated by commercial rather than security concerns.

And Trump’s withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement and the World Health Organization sowed mistrust about American commitment to dealing with transnational global threats such as global warming and pandemics. Biden’s plan to rejoin both, and his reassurances about NATO, will have an immediate beneficial effect on US soft power.

But Biden will still face a deeper trust problem. Many allies are asking what is happening to American democracy. How can a country that produced as strange a political leader as Trump in 2016 be trusted not to produce another in 2024 or 2028? Is American democracy in decline, making the country untrustworthy?

The declining trust in government and other institutions that fueled Trump’s rise did not start with him. Low trust in government has been a US malady for a half-century. After success in World War II, three-quarters of Americans said they had a high degree of trust in government. This share fell to roughly one-quarter after the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal of the 1960s and 1970s. Fortunately, citizens’ behavior on issues like tax compliance was often much better than their replies to pollsters might suggest.

Perhaps the best demonstration of the underlying strength and resilience of American democratic culture was the 2020 election. Despite the worst pandemic in a century and dire predictions of chaotic voting conditions, a record number of voters turned out, and the thousands of local officials – Republicans, Democrats, and independents – who administered the election regarded the honest execution of their tasks as a civic duty.

In Georgia, which Trump narrowly lost, the Republican secretary of state, responsible for overseeing the election, defied baseless criticism from Trump and other Republicans, declaring, “I live by the motto that numbers don’t lie.” Trump’s lawsuits alleging massive fraud, lacking any evidence to support them, were thrown out in court after court, including by judges Trump had appointed. And Republicans in Michigan and Pennsylvania resisted his efforts to have state legislators overturn the election results. Contrary to the left’s predictions of doom and the right’s predictions of fraud, American democracy proved its strength and deep local roots.

But Americans, including Biden, will still face allies’ concerns about whether they can be trusted not to elect another Trump in 2024 or 2028. They note the polarization of the political parties, Trump’s refusal to accept his defeat, and the refusal of congressional Republican leaders to condemn his behavior or even explicitly recognize Biden’s victory.

Read the original article published on Project Syndicate.

Sally Eaves WPC – Health

Prof. Sally Eaves is a highly experienced Chief Technology Officer, Professor in Advanced Technologies and Global Strategic Advisor, Author and Speaker on Digital Transformation, Sustainability, HealthTech and Social Impact. She specializes in the application of AI, Cloud, CyberSecurity, Blockchain, IoT & 5G disciplines for both business and societal benefit at scale. Sally is Senior Policy Advisor for the Global Foundation of Cyber Studies & Research and has founded ‘edtech’ enterprise Aspirational Futures to enhance accessibility, inclusion and diversity in education, technology and beyond.

Sophie Turrettini – WPC Health

Sophie Turrettini

General Secretary of the Fondation Dr Henri Dubois-Ferrière Dinu Lipatti and board member of several charity foundations in Geneva. In charge of administration, accounting and human resources for several companies in various industries. Member of the board of the WPC Foundation since 2013.

Karim El Aynaoui WPC – Health

President of the Policy Center for the New South, and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences and Executive Vice-President of the Mohammed VI Polytechnic University. From 2005 to 2012, he worked at the Central Bank of Morocco as the Director of Economics, Statistics and International Relations. Prior to this, he served as an economist at the World Bank. He holds scientific and advisory positions in various institutions, including the Malabo-Montpellier Panel, the Moroccan Capital Market Authority, and the French Institute of International Relations. He is also advisor to the CEO and Chairman of the OCP Group, and serves as a board member of the OCP Foundation and as a global member of the Trilateral Commission. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Bordeaux.

Nicolas de Germay WPC – Health

Vice Chairman of the WPC. He manages the organisation of the annual conference since its first edition in 2008. He is also chairman and founder of Alandia, a restructuring advisory firm which helped various States or Sovereign funds to regain control over their industrial investments (Middle East, Africa and West Asia). Former Vice chairman of the Franco Indian chamber of commerce, he was more especially in charge of agricultural investments. He seats, or seated, at several Advisory Boards such as British Telecom or PWC. He published a book on globalization in June 2010: Mondialisation, un autre regard and one on restructuring issues in France (2015).

Dominique David WPC – Health

Advisor to the Executive Chairman, Ifri, Editor of Politique étrangère and co-director of the annual report Ramses. He is also President of the Austro-French Centre for Rapprochement in Europe. Former Executive Vice-President of Ifri. Previously, he was in charge of the Security Studies department at Ifri. Before joining Ifri, he was Deputy Director of the Institut français de polémologie (French Institute of Polemology), and then Secretary General of the FEDN (Fondation pour les études de défense nationale). He also taught at the Military School of Saint-Cyr, at the Paris I University and at the Institut d’études politiques de Paris (IEP). His studies and publications deal with strategic issues, particularly with French strategy and European issues.

Vuk Jeremić WPC – Health

President of the Center for International Relations and Sustainable Development, a global public policy think-tank based in Belgrade, and Editor-in-Chief of the quarterly magazine Horizons – Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development. He is also the leader of Serbia’s opposition People’s Party. In 2016, he participated in the official election for UN Secretary-General and finished in second place. In 2012, he was elected President of the 67th session of the UN General Assembly. During his term in office he played a leading role in steering the UN towards the establishment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. He served as Serbia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2012.

François Nordmann WPC – Health

Former Ambassador of Switzerland to France (2002-2007). He joined the Foreign Service in 1971. He held several positions such as Ambassador to Guatemala and to other States of Central America, Head of the Swiss Delegation to UNESCO, Ambassador to the United Kingdom and Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the international organizations in Geneva. He contributes regularly to the Swiss newspaper Le Temps. He studied law and international relations at the University of Fribourg and the Graduate Institute for  International Studies in Geneva.

Gilles Guérin WPC – Health

Managing Director of Banque Bordier & Cie, Geneva. He is also a member of the Board and Treasurer of the WPC Foundation. His area of expertise is private asset management. He was formerly Managing Partner at EFG Bank in Geneva. He previously worked as a money market dealer at the Al Saudi bank in Paris, then as treasurer for Europe at the National Bank of Abu Dhabi in Paris. He received a degree in economics from the University of Neuchâtel and an advanced management degree from the École des Cadres de Lausanne.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus WPC – Health

Director-General of the World Health Organization since 2017. Prior to his election, he served as Ethiopia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016 and as Minister of Health from 2005 to 2012. He holds a PhD in Community Health from the University of Nottingham and a MSc in Immunology of Infectious Diseases from the University of London. He is globally recognised as a health scholar, researcher, and diplomat with first-hand experience in research, operations, and leadership in emergency responses to epidemics. Throughout his career Dr Tedros has published numerous articles in prominent scientific journals, and received awards and recognition from across the globe.

Jean de Kervasdoué WPC – Health

Professor Emeritus of the Chair of Economics and Management of Health Services at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM) and Founder of the Pasteur/CNAM School of Public Health. He is a member of the French Academy of Technologies and a member of the executive board of the Médecins du Monde Foundation. Former Consultant to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, he served as Visiting Professor at Yale University, Under Secretary at the French Ministry of Health and Adviser to the Prime Minister. He holds a Master in Agronomy from the Institut national agronomique Paris-Grignon, a MBA and a PhD in Socio Economics from Cornell University.

Michael van den Berg WPC – Health

Michael van den Berg, Health Policy Analyst at the OECD

Michael is a policy analyst at the OECD, and is specialized in health systems performance assessment, quality of care, performance indicators and primary care. His current work is driven by the ambition to move towards a new generation of indicators that will enhance international learning on the value of healthcare as reported by patients themselves. He is passionate about international collaboration and as a member of the OECD Health Division, he helps countries achieve high-performing health systems. Michael studied sociology, wrote a PhD thesis in the area of primary care and has been working on health services research and policy advice more than eighteen years. Michael is managing the development of an international survey of chronic patients within the framework of OECD’s Patient Reported Indicator Surveys initiative.

Elhadj As Sy WPC – Health

Elhadj As Sy

Elhadj As Sy is the Chair of the Kofi Annan Foundation Board, and Co-chair of the WHO/World Bank Global Pandemic Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB). In addition, Mr. Sy is also a Commissioner for the Global Commission on Climate Adaptation, Governor at the Wellcome Trust, and a member of the Governing Board of Interpeace as well as numerous other boards and organizations. Mr. Sy has extensive experience in leadership roles in the humanitarian, health, environment, development sectors, and has previously served as the Secretary-General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) – the world’s largest humanitarian network. Prior to this appointment, he served at a senior level with UNICEF, UNAIDS, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and other agencies for more than 25 years. For instance, Mr. Sy was UNICEF’s Director of Partnerships and Resource Development in New York, and from 2005 to 2008, he was Director, HIV/AIDS Practice with the United Nations Development Program in New York. Before that, he worked with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria as Director of Operational Partnerships and Country Support in Geneva. Mr. Sy graduated from the University of Dakar, the University of Graz, the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna and the École normale supérieure in Dakar.

Stanislas Cozon WPC – Health

Stanislas Cozon is Executive Vice President of Capgemini. He was Managing Director in charge of global industry sectors within Capgemini (consumer products, retail, utilities, tax and welfare, public security, telecommunications, financial services and manufacturing). The transformation of corporations and governments is at the heart of this role. He started his career at the French Treasury (Inspection Générale des Finances) and joined Capgemini in 1989. He holds a diploma of the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris and of the École Nationale d’Administration.

Seán Cleary WPC – Health

Founder and Executive Vice-Chairman of the FutureWorld Foundation and Chairman of Strategic Concepts (Pty) Ltd. Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Global Economic Symposium, Advisory Council member of Climate-KIC and IAS Köszeg; and a Director of companies, Faculty Member of the Parmenides Foundation, and co-author, with Thierry Malleret, of Resilience to Risk, and Global Risks, as well as numerous articles and chapters. He studied social sciences and law and holds a MBA from Henley Management College at Brunel University, United Kingdom.

Roberto Burioni WPC – Health

Roberto Burioni, MD, PhD, is Professor of Virology and Microbiology at the Medical School of the Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele in Milan, Italy. Before that, he was Assistant Professor at the Medical School of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome. He began his career in the United States where he held several research positions, most recently at the Center for Molecular Genetics at the University of California, San Diego, and at the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, in Dr. Dennis Burton’s laboratory. He is currently leading a lab active in the development of human monoclonal antibodies against human infectious agents and is the medical director of the site www.medical facts.it.

Michael Møller WPC – Health

Michael Moller

Chairman of the Diplomacy Forum, Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator; Senior Advisor, Macro Advisory Partners; and Member of the Board of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva (2013-2019). He served as Executive Director of the Kofi Annan Foundation (2008-2011) and as UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Cyprus (2006-2008). Between 2001 and 2006 he was Director for Political, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Affairs in the Office of the Secretary-General, while serving concurrently as Deputy Chief of Staff for the last two years of that period. He served as Head of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs at UN headquarters (1997-2001). He began his career in 1979 with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. He graduated from Johns Hopkins University, United States, and the University of Sussex, United Kingdom.

Jacques Biot WPC – Health

Jacques N. Biot currently serves as a Board-member or advisor to companies in the field of digital transformation and artificial intelligence, and a Trustee to several scientific academic institutions. He has international professional experience in higher education and research (First executive President of Ecole polytechnique, 2013-2018), life sciences (Roussel-Uclaf, Pasteur-Mérieux Serums and Vaccines, now parts of Sanofi; JNBD, strategic consulting firm in health technology, divested to ICON; and Guerbet, GBT, Euronext), industry and technology financing, and public administration (Prime Minister’s office). The motto of his career has been about how to turn scientific innovation into societal and economic value. Jacques is a graduate of Ecole polytechnique (X71) and a member of the Corps des Mines. He is an Officer of the Legion of Honor and of the French Orders of Merite, and a member of the Lion’s Order of Senegal.

Nardos Bekele-Thomas WPC – Health

Nardos Bekele-Thomas is Resident Coordinator for Nations (UN) in South Africa. She was previously the Senior Director of the Office of the Secretary-General. She also served as the UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in the Republic of Kenya and the Republic of Benin. Her interest includes promotion of human development; anchored on the principles of economic, social and political rights for all. She has excelled as a Private Sector Policy Adviser focusing on the promotion of trade and investment in African countries through private/public sector partnerships in the United States. She holds a Master’s Degree and a Ph.D. Candidate Certificate in Economic Development, Monetary Economics and Econometrics from New York University (NYU). She is the author of several papers and monographs, and she is fully bilingual in French and English.

Jean Kramarz WPC – Health

Director of the Healthcare activities of the AXA Partners Group. He is a specialist in the development of healthcare services in France and around the world. Before joining the AXA Group, where he launched medical teleconsultation for the general population in France, he was Director of New Services for the Malakoff-Médéric Group, Director of Development for Europ Assistance, Director of International Health Subsidiaries for the Gras Savoye Group. He also worked in the French public sector, including in the Oil & Gas and Automotive Departments of the Ministry of Industry and in the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance. Jean Kramarz is an alumnus of Sciences Po Paris and ENA.

Holger Mey WPC – Health

Vice President of Advanced Concepts, Airbus, Munich, Germany. Before joining Airbus in 2004, he worked as a self-employed Security Policy Analyst and Consultant. Among many other functions, he served as President & CEO of the Institute for Strategic Analyses which he founded in 1992. He is an Honorary Professor for Foreign Policy at the University of Cologne. He began his career as a Research Associate at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. From 1990 to 1994, he served successively as Security Policy Analyst on the Policy Planning Staff of the German Minister of Defense and Security Policy Advisor to the Chairman of the Defense Committee in the German Parliament.

Daniel Andler WPC – Health

Daniel Andler is emeritus professor at Sorbonne Université and a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. He began his academic career as a mathematician, specializing in logic and teaching at Paris 7 and other universities, He then was appointed as professor of philosophy of science at the universities of Lille, Nanterre and finally Paris IV. He is chiefly interested in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and in their import for education, collective decision and public policy. He was the founder and first director of the department of cognitive studies at the Ecole normale superieure in Paris. His latest books are La Silhouette de l’humain, quelle place pour le naturalisme aujourd’hui ? and La Cognition, du neurone à la société (co-authored). His book on the significance of the present surge of artificial intelligence is forthcoming.

 

Alexandre de Germay WPC – Health

Global Head of the Cardiovascular and Established Products Franchise at Sanofi. With more than 20 years of experience in the healthcare field, he is a trusted and strategic executive possessing a proven track record of enabling innovative and winning strategies to achieve significant and sustainable results across markets. Before joining Sanofi in 2016, he held several positions for Pfizer as Global Established Pharma Regional President for Japan-Asia-Pacific, Director Worldwide Marketing Group, General Manager. Alexandre de Germay earned two master’s degrees in business administration and finance from Paris XIII University in France.

Jean-Pierre Lablanchy WPC – Health

Medical Doctor and Psychiatrist, member of the Supervisory Board of Edeis. He is specialized in the management of conflict situations, and in particular in the management of post-traumatic syndromes. He participates in work on sleep, biological rhythms, and physiological and psychological adaptation factors. He has been practicing in Paris for 37 years, with an involvement in corporate work. He has carried out numerous consulting missions including with Progress, Danone, Rians, Laboratoires Debat, Spie Batignolles, L’Oréal, EDF, Normédic, La Poste, and with the government of Senegal. He also collaborated with IMS Health and the General Management of Manpower.

Michel Kazatchkine WPC – Health

Special Advisor to the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, he has over 35 years of experience in global health as a leading physician, researcher, administrator, advocate, policymaker, and diplomat. He is Emeritus Professor of Immunology at Paris Descartes University, Senior Fellow with the Global Health Centre of the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies in Geneva, and a member of the Global Commission on Drug Policy. He was Executive Director of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Director of the French Agency for Research on AIDS, French ambassador on HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases, and UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Arthur Stril WPC – Health

Arthur Stril, Chief Business Officer of Cellectis

Chief Business Officer and member of the Executive Committee of Cellectis. Prior to this position, he was Vice President, Corporate Development at Cellectis, responsible for program management, strategy and business development. Cellectis is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing gene-edited allogeneic CAR-T immunotherapies in oncology. Arthur began his career at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Competition, controlling global pharmaceutical mergers such as the Novartis/GSK and Sanofi/Boehringer Ingelheim asset swaps, Pfizer’s acquisition of Hospira and Teva’s acquisition of Actavis Generics. He later became Head of the Hospital Financing unit at the French Ministry of Health, where he led a team responsible for the €80bn hospital budget. Arthur graduated from the École Normale Supérieure, Paris and Cambridge University, and holds a diploma in Immunotherapy from the Université Paris-Descartes. Arthur is also a member of the French Corps des Mines.

Juliette Tuakli WPC – Health

Juliette Tuakli, CEO of Child, Family and Associates, Ghana

Juliette M. Tuakli, MD, MPH, is an extremely experienced, multiple award winning leader in Women’s, Children’s and Public Health. As CEO of CHILDAccra Medical Group, she has grown the organization from a small pediatric clinic into an acclaimed world-class regional medical conglomerate, providing medical care, Public Health, research and development as well as medical training in Africa, England and USA. Dr. Tuakli is the first female Chair of the Board of Trustees of United Way Worldwide, the world’s largest private NGO. She chairs the Medical Review Committee overseeing international medical research/publications of Mercy Ships. She is a Board Member of Zenith Bank and Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative and Co-Founder of the outstanding MOREMI African Girl Leadership program. As the first female Rotary president of the premier Anglophone club in Africa, Dr. Tuakli enabled legislation to protect the disabled, orphans and vulnerable children of Ghana. Her work was hailed by the African Union in 2016. She regularly shares her expertise with international agencies including the World Bank, African Union, Zayed Sustainability Prize and Unicef. Her curriculum development work led to an acclaimed CHILD HEALTH in AFRICA curriculum used in several public health programs in the US and Africa.

Alexandra Prieux WPC – Health

Alexandra Prieux, President of Alcediag and Founder of SkillCell

President of Alcediag, Founder of SkillCell. Alexandra is a graduate of École centrale Paris (2005) and of the MIT Sloan School of Management (2009). She began her career as a junior analyst in the Transaction Advisory Services in Ernst & Young. After her MBA, she joined the McKinsey & Co Paris Office where she worked as a consultant and as a junior manager. In 2012, she joined the Alcen family group which is made up of over thirty high-tech companies active in the following sectors: defense and security, energy, medical and healthcare, aeronautics and space, large scientific instruments. She first took on the role of Head of Development, working on Alcen’s proprietary technologies such as renewable energy (thermodynamic solar power) and nanotechnologies. In 2016, she became president of Alcediag, an Alcen subsidiary focusing on precision diagnostics and developing blood biomarkers and tests for mental health and more particularly bipolar disorder. In addition in 2017, she founded SkillCell, a biotech company developing miniaturized tests for health, food and environment based on a proprietary synthetic biology and biomimicry technology.

Pierre Prieux WPC – Health

President of Alcen, group composed of high technology companies in the fields of defense, energy, medical machines and aeronautics. He started his career as President of Tabur Marine and of Dufour. He served at Matra Group as Senior Vice President in charge of 4 departments (car electronics, robotics, computer-aided design and watchmaking). He set up and managed a telecommunication operator, Kaptech and an equipment manufacturer, Cirpack. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique and at the Insead.