2013 Program
2013 Conference proceedings
14:30 – 15:30 | Opening session
H.S.H. Prince Albert II
Sovereign Prince of Monaco
Democracy cannot be imposed but must be built progressively according to each State’s history.
Thierry de Montbrial
President and founder of the WPC
Regardless of whether today’s international system be described as zero-polar, bipolar or multipolar, the simple reality is that the most powerful states no longer wish or are no longer capable of exercising their power. It is, in my view, more constructive to focus on the ‘middle powers’.
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
Ali Babacan
Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey
For many of our domestic reform efforts, the European Union has been a key external anchor. The standards, benchmarks and criteria that the European Union has for incoming countries are very important for us because it is a measure of quality of our reform efforts.
Debate
15:30 – 17:00 | Plenary session 1
“The state of the world economy and global governance”
Introduction by Nicolas Barré
Kemal Dervis
We need to pay more attention to income distribution, to how growth is taking place and to how it is spreading through societies.
Henri de Castries
We are probably seeing the end to the Westphalian states. Classical borders are becoming irrelevant in more and more areas.
Jacob Frenkel
The world’s centre of gravity has moved and that businessmen and entrepreneurs were able to recognise and seize these opportunities.
David de Rothschild
In 2014, there will be another round of stress tests and there will be another asset‑quality review. Therefore, I think that by the end of 2014, we will have a fairly stable environment in all this.
Il SaKong
The G20 should have more frequent and structured meetings for finance deputies, finance ministers and Sherpas before the Summit. Leaders’ time is the scarcest resource in the world, so they cannot meet often.
Pascal Lamy
We need to de‑monopolise international governance from the Westphalian system, from sovereign nation states. We need to look at greater diversity of public institutions.
Debate
17:00 – 17:45 | Plenary session 2
Mohammad Javad Zarif
We should never forget that trust is a two-way street. Today’s regional and international crises require every one of us to have a sense of responsibility and to cooperate with one other to rebuild peace and stability.
Debate with Ali Ahani
Ambassador of Islamic Republic of Iran to France and to Monaco
17:45 – 19:15 | Plenary session 3
“Middle East”
Introduction by Steven Erlanger
Masood Ahmed
There has to be a focus on trying to give young people in particular some hope by giving them opportunities for employment in the short term. That means reallocating some spending towards job creation.
Renaud Girard
I believe that our leaders have not grasped the fact that in Syria, a very deep and profound fracture has existed for a very long time between a party that I would describe as secular and a Muslim Brotherhood party.
Bassma Kodmani
The djihadists’ best ally is the violence that was introduced by al-Assad. The djihadists’ best ally today is the chaos created by the regime.
Mona Makram-Ebeid
For Egypt to advance, it has to go back to the slogan of the 1920s, which was ‘Religion is for God and the homeland is for all’. Otherwise, there is no future.
Sergey Karaganov
Russia’s experience with Iranians has shown that they have been acting very constructively in calming crises in the former Soviet Central Asia and quite responsibly in calming crises in the Caucuses, including in Chechnya and elsewhere.
Elisabeth Guigou
I believe that Europe must return, that Europe must abandon its navel-gazing and start to assert itself in the world again.
Debate
19:15 | Welcome cocktail
20:00 | Dinner debate
With Herman Van Rompuy
President of the European Council
The simple idea that people should have a say in their own governance has achieved a near universal status, and more of the world’s population lives in democratic countries than ever before in the history of the mankind.
Debate
08:00 – 09:45 | Plenary session 4
“Asia’s strengths and weaknesses”
Introduction by Michael Yeoh
Bruno Lafont
Asia is rising and what is very interesting to see is the development of the cities in Asia. I think the most important trend in Asia today is harmonisation.
Jin Roy Ryu
I think one of Asia’s weaknesses is that Asia does not have a strong leader or control tower like the United States in the Americas.
Shotaro Oshima
Mr. Abe has put forward the case to the people that we should not have to be bogged down in deflationary mind-set and that we can change the economic environment and the outlook for the future by inflation target setting.
Mayankote Kelath Narayanan
There exist two Asias today – both competing for space and attention. Economically, we have a dynamic, and to an extent, integrated Asia. In security terms, there is another Asia that appears dysfunctional, buffeted by powerful nationalisms and prone to irredentism.
Anatoly Torkunov
Any diplomatic process is therefore only a tool to hedge risks by stopping North Korea from improving its nuclear arsenal and preventing nuclear proliferation. The basic underlying theory of the Russian policy of maintenance is the need for peaceful coexistence in the Korean Peninsula.
Yang Jiemian
Strength lies in the open regionalism. Looking around the world it is only in Asia where regionalism is open.
Debate
09:45 – 11:15 | Plenary session 5
“The challenges of the cyberspace”
Paul Hermelin
The main challenge of the infosphere is the discontinuity between the majesty of international governance and the way technical innovation blossoms.
Chang Dae-Whan
Interactions will be machine to machine. Society might prevail. We must be prepared for an end-to-end and machine-to-machine society.
Meir Sheetrit
Having technology is not enough. There are many, many things that can cause damage in a surprising way if somebody decides to attack you. It is not enough therefore to have technology. You need to have the right warriors.
Carl Bildt
A big battle ahead is going to be over whether we keep a global Internet and an open governance system or whether the Internet becomes balkanised. We will either have an open, transparent and dynamic Internet in the future or a closed, controlled and static one.
Debate
11:15 – 11:45 | Coffee-break
11:45 – 13:00 | Plenary session 6
“Whither the ‘European social model’?”
Introduction by Jim Hoagland
Joaquín Almunia
We need to improve our tax systems to be consistent with both growth and the need to fund the welfare state, our social policies and the social model.
Yves Leterme
Europe also has to be especially aware that, as the recent PISA report made clear, skills are the currency of the 21st Century and investments in social resiliency are therefore more important for Europe than investments in security.
Jean Pisani-Ferry
Instead of having to bet on the future growth rate and to tell people a definite figure which they will expect to get, it should be recognised that the ability to provide pensions is linked to the performance of the economy.
Didier Reynders
I think one-third of the next European Parliament could be comprised of Eurosceptics and populists who are against the European Union. If we do not take care of these issues at the European level we will have more and more difficulties. We need to politicise the European debate.
Debate
13:15 – 14:45 | Lunch debate
“The future of diplomacy”
Introduction by Jim Hoagland
Hubert Védrine – Part 1
To me, the real question of diplomacy tomorrow and the day after tomorrow is, how can diplomacy be conducted in age that believes in transparency?
Carl Bildt – Part 1
We feel the pulse of the world much more clearly and we can impact the pulse of the world more effectively with the new technologies.
Hubert Védrine – Part 2
I think there needs to be an almost philosophical shift in civilisation by saying, “There are some cases when secrets, or the length of time a secret is kept, or conditions of secrecy, are justified.”
Carl Bildt – Part 2
There now needs to be a kind of congruence between public diplomacy and the public image and the secret details and secret mechanics.
Debate
15:00 – 16:15 | Plenary session 7
“Destruction or metamorphosis of the legal order?”
Mireille Delmas-Marty
‘Coordinated sovereignism’ means that the separation of national orders would be gradually broken down by the circulation of norms and dialogue between judges, which would replace separation with coordination.
Stephen Breyer
There must be a common rule that every country can follow. There’s a concept in law called comity that requires harmony. Easier said than done.
Lord Mance
I have no sense at all that the United Kingdom’s legal system or we, its common lawyers, judges and courts, are about to be over-whelmed or lose our identity in the face of any outside threat.
Jean-Marc Sauvé
I do not give much credence to the destruction theory in the sense of a collapse in juridical orders. Globalisation lays claim to just as many juridical rules as it seeks to topple, if not the reverse, and these rules must be able to find expression in juridical systems.
16:30 – 19:30 | Parallel workshops
Workshop #1 – Energy and environment
Introduction by Christophe de Margerie
Cécile Maisonneuve
Maria van der Hoeven
At the global level we can see that the industrial sector is responsible for 37% of all energy savings in one of our new policy scenarios relative to the current policy scenarios, followed by transport at 31% and buildings at 26%.
André Caillé
Any energy industry has to satisfy what we called then our “four As” criteria. First, energy has to be available; second, accessible; third, never forget that, affordable; and, fourth, it also has to be acceptable.
William Ramsay
The US is on its way to energy, oil and gas self-sufficiency. I advisedly do not use the term ‘energy independence’.
Debate
Jun Arima
We need a smarter approach to do so, as well as a broader scope that features not only domestic but also global mitigation and a longer-term horizon with innovation.
Kevin Sara
We are talking to our first clients in Europe and I can tell you that our biggest challenge is not technical. It is political and regulatory. The regulations are just not set up to transport electricity over long distances.
Debate
Conclusion by Christophe de Margerie
Workshop #2 – The health and emerging risks
Introduction by James D. Wolfensohn
Christian Bréchot
We must understand that we will never have an end of infectious disease. We have a reservoir of disease that is endless. The point is not to dream of suppressing infectious disease; the point is to adjust the follow-up and global governance of this problem.
Richard Cooper
With modern technology and information and trade in weapons, we see increasingly that conflicts which historically would have been localised take on international significance.
Daniel Dāianu
It is good for citizens to be stimulated, even assisted to become more self-reliant. However, the optimal solution cannot be by resorting to social Darwinism.
Thomas Kirkwood
There is an enormous resource of mental capital in older people that simply goes to waste. It goes to waste because policies do not recognise how important it is to keep this mental capital engaged in society.
James D. Wolfensohn
The issues of healthcare, which comes up with this, and of paying pensions to the aged just distorts the systems that we have had up to now. Nowhere is this more critical than in the USA at this time, but it will be a global issue.
Debate
Workshop #3 – Food security
Introduction by Jean-Yves Carfantan
José Graziano Da Silva
Today, an estimated 840 million people suffer from chronic hunger and another 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. 26% of the world’s children are stunted. Malnutrition costs around 5% of the value of global growth domestic product.
Christopher Delgado
There should be increased attention to risk management and greater resilience, and the policy incentives we have should be shifted to promoting triple wins, that is, more productivity, better resilience and mitigation all at the same time.
Marcos Jank
Good policies for me are related to land property rights – which are extremely important in many countries – technology, productivity, gains in scale, and integration into food chains.
Debate
Mahama Zoungrana
The State alone, with all the good will in the world, cannot guarantee food security. In addition, civil society, which has a key role to play, but also and above all the private sector, must become increasingly involved.
Debate
Jane Karuku
African governments are not investing enough in African agriculture.
Brent Habig
There are a lot of ways to do agriculture and have agricultural growth but not necessarily benefit smallholders or drive improvements in food security. That is our agenda, to try to find the opportunity to work with businesses when there is overlap with social goals and objectives.
Debate
Workshop #4 – Finance
Introduction by Jean-Claude Trichet
John Lipsky
After all, one of the key problems highlighted by the crisis was not so much the details of regulation, but that many systemically-important institutions lay outside the regulatory framework.
Jeffry Frieden
We need something that could be called governance; that is for something above the level of the nation state, for some attempt to either cooperate among national authorities or to create a supra-national entity that could try to deal with some of these cross-border externalities.
Debate
Benoît Cœuré
We need to make the single supervisory mechanism work in a way which is genuinely European, so we want the supervisory board not to be a committee of national supervisors but to become a European institution as part of the ECB.
Marek Belka
We know from our own experience that if there is to be a real banking union the banks should be European, not national, but this is not easy.
Debate
Jacob Frenkel
Since the Central Bank must have the capabilities to respond very promptly to new developments, and since it must have timely and reliable information about the banking sector, it stands to reason that the responsibility for bank supervision should rest within the Central Bank.
Il SaKong
The imminent US Fed’s tapering QE should be brought to the G20 process, more specifically, the G20’s MAP.
Debate
19:30 | Cocktail
20:30 | Gala dinner
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
Laurent Fabius
Minister of Foreign Affairs of France
I personally do not think that China is becoming a warmonger. But it is a major power and a string of tensions could arise in the region in 2014. France will always work toward peace and security.
Debate
08:00 – 09:00 | Reports from parallel workshops
Cécile Maisonneuve
The world energy mix was made of 82% of fossil fuels thirty years ago; this figure remains the same today, and will decrease only to 75% in 2035. The real revolution will be to reach a truly different energy mix.
Richard Cooper
Democratic political systems these days have great difficulty making forward-looking decisions that would head off serious risks in the future, so we are likely to be confronted with shocks which we are not well-situated to handle, especially in the financial area.
Jean-Yves Carfantan
We need a climate smart agriculture that improves crop yields and livestock management to increase production, increases climate resilience of farming systems, reduces carbon emissions and increases soil carbon storage.
Jeffrey Frieden
There is now a clearly greater role for the emerging markets in dealing with these global macroeconomic and financial problems, and there is more global recognition of the need for further cooperation.
09:00 – 10:00 | Plenary session 8
“Towards a European Banking Union”
Introduction by Alessandro Merli
Benoît Coeuré – Part 1
We need supervisors to have a European mandate instead of a national mandate, and that is why we have a single supervisory mechanism; we also need European banks to be in the hands of a European resolution authority when they are wound up, and that is also why we need a single resolution mechanism.
Philipp Hildebrand – Part 1
It seems that something separate is going on, namely a fundamental reassessment of the risks in the European banking system,
Constantin von Oesterreich – Part 1
Many important milestones have been reached on the way to the banking union, but implementation and execution are now the name of the game, and we are very much looking forward to getting a lot of engagement.
Benoît Coeuré – Part 2
The asset quality review and the comprehensive assessment are the occasion for bringing them together, so it not only serves a stabilisation function, but also a macroeconomic function, in a sense, which is to recreate trust in the European banking system.
Philipp Hildebrand – Part 2
Transparency will be a key part of this and will entail clear explanations of what monetary, stabilisation, regulatory and liquidity policies are, and we must try to separate these policies to the extent we can.
Benoît Coeuré – Part 3
Banking supervisors should be accountable to parliaments and the general public. That is why we will have this supervisory board and the chair of the board.
Constantin von Oesterreich – Part 2
Banks which are large enough to be in it cannot get out, and smaller banks are in it for specific reasons, so there is a level playing field
Philipp Hildebrand – Part 3
Make sure the banks have sufficient capital so the uncertainties can be removed from the marketplace and they can start lending again. That will clearly be the key element from the macroeconomic perspective.
Benoît Coeuré – Part 4
The single supervisory mechanism will aim to avoid the kind of negative feedback through banks we have seen in banks in some countries and that ultimately led to a need for financial assistance. Therefore, good single supervision is a protection for taxpayers.
Debate
Remarks from the panelists
10:00 – 10:45 | Plenary session 9
H.R.H. Prince Turki Al Faisal
Chairman of the King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS)
The problem in Syria today is not only a tragedy, but is an act of negligence on the part of the world, which continues to watch the suffering of the Syrian people without taking steps to stop that suffering. It almost reaches the level of being criminal negligence on the part of the world community.
Debate
10:45 – 11:15 | Coffee-break
11:15 – 12:00 | Plenary session 10
Itamar Rabinovich
President of the Israel Institute, Distinguished Global Professor at New York University (NYU), Distinguished Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Professor Emeritus, Tel Aviv University
Demographically speaking, we are risking the future of the state as a Jewish state, and in terms of Israel’s international standing, we see a creeping delegitimisation, and these are two very dangerous developments for us.
Debate
12h00 – 13h30 | Plenary session 11
“Africa”
Introduction by Jean-Michel Severino
Jean-David Levitte
The African Union is willing to take responsibility for its own security issues, a job that is incumbent upon Africans. Europe needs to help Africa fulfil this desire.
Mo Ibrahim
Some fragmentation is taking place in this new world, though I do not know why it has expressed itself in a more civilised and peaceful way through the ballot box in Europe, while sometimes it takes on a violent aspect in Africa.
Titus Naikuni
As far as Somalia is concerned, Ethiopia and Kenya not only need to go into Somalia militarily, but also to do as much as they can to help to develop the human capacity to govern that country, because if you do not have a stable Somalia you will not have a stable Kenya or Ethiopia.
Qu Xing
China’s noninterference policy does not mean indifference, that China needs the stability of Africa and that China is proceeding to improve the stability in promoting social and economic development instead of imposing its social model.
Mostafa Terrab
Too many policies and too many business strategies disconnect the north of Africa from sub-Saharan Africa. Let us keep in mind that ten out of 22 Arab countries are in Africa, and some geopoliticians do not take that very much into consideration.
Tidjane Thiam
I am arguing for the normalisation of Africa, so that people start treating it like any other place in the world, and if we get that we will be absolutely fine.
Lionel Zinsou
Rates of return on capital are higher in Africa than on all the other continents. This means the misperception is not thinking that Africa is below average, it’s not knowing that Africa is above average.
Conclusion by Jean-Michel Severino
13:30 – 15:15 | Lunch debate
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
Pauline Marois
Prime Minister of Quebec
In its political expression of Francophone expression in America, the State of Quebec is attempting to come to terms with the challenges as well as the advantages that arise from its status as a nation.
Debate
15:30 – 16:45 | Plenary session 12
“Politics and religions”
Introduction by Pierre Morel
Bartholomew 1st
Contrary to what some may think, the politics of the 21st century are not determined by religion. On the contrary, politics has the upper hand over religion, transforming it into an instrument for its own use.
Mircea Geoanā
And for the first time in centuries, we will have not only geoeconomic, geopolitical, technological and military competitors, we will have a formidable competitor whom we must treat with respect, because these are cultures and traditions which are so ancient that they deserve our respect
Mohammed Sammak
We learned, and are still learning to oppose a notion of diversity that becomes a substitute for neighborhood and community. Diversity without a spirit of community leads to tribalism. Community without a spirit of diversity leads to alienation for all minorities.
David Rosen
Religious leaders are in positions that represent the identities of the peoples, the belonging of the peoples, and if you do not address this issue of identity and belonging, it will come back to haunt you.
Faisal Bin Muaammar
Religious leaders need to be careful how they relate to politics, but political leaders also need to be careful how they relate to religion.
Marcelo Sanchez Sorondo
God created Man in the image of God, and so Man must live in a society. It is not only an individual image, it is also a social image.
Debate
16:45 – 18:45 | Plenary session 13
“General debate”
Introduction by Dominique Moïsi
Titus Corlātean
Comparing the Balkan region to only 25 years ago, it is almost predictable, which is a fundamental qualitative step forward, because for all we know, tomorrow the region will be part of the European family.
Igor Yurgens
So, we have two Russias at the moment: 20% of the population who want to move forward, to be contemporary and silent majority which is afraid to move forward and to open up.
Jim Hoagland
The American administration has certainly reached out far more toward its adversaries than to some key allies, and that has consequences. It fails to build up a reserve of personal relationships that can be called on in moments of crisis and difficulties.
Karl Kaiser
The Libyan crisis has shown, and it was a wake-up call, how insufficiently Europe was prepared to deal with a world in which America is no longer exactly as available as it was before.
Yusuf Ziya Irbec
We have a very multidimensional culture in Turkey, and politicians should be prepared to understand all the dimensions of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and all other religious groups. This is the basis for being an efficient leader in Turkey.
Donald Johnston
Corruption has to be attacked on many fronts, but I just want to leave you with the fact that corruption is much more serious than we acknowledge.
Carlos Pérez Verdía
Just as in the case of North America, Latin America has a lot of other issues and challenges, and the positive thing there with regard to drugs, security and human rights is that we are discussing these at a regional level.
Steven Erlanger
I really worry that France, which already has a problem with its own self-image in the world in a Europe where Germany seems big and powerful, is slipping out of the second tier into the third, and that is the problem.
Conclusion by Dominique Moïsi
19:30 | Informal dinner
2013 Report
The WPC in history
WPC Compendium
2012 Conference proceedings
19:30 | Welcome Cocktail
20:00 | Dinner debate
“Establishing and operating a business in a conflict zone”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Christophe de Margerie
Chairman and CEO of Total
“It’s an important subject: how do you manage a company like Total, an industrial business, which has high stakes in terms of investments and big problems with acceptability, when it has to supply energy to as many people as possible?”
Debate
09:00 – 10:15 | Opening
Message from François Hollande
President of the French Republic
“The second subject you are discussing is the future of the eurozone. There has been considerable progress in terms of cohesion and trust in recent months.”
Thierry de Montbrial
Founder and chairman of the WPC
“First point – the nature of interdependence has changed as a result of globalisation. It has become non-linear, as can be seen from the examples of the financial and economic crisis since 2007-2008, and the Arab Spring.”
Alassane Ouattara
President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire
“The world today is facing turbulence. Forecasts recently published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development expect “a hesitant and uneven recovery”, with growth rates cut to 1.4% in 2013 instead of 2.2% as was initially forecast.”
H.A.H Bartholomew 1st
Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch
“In this context, old alliances which seemed so solid just a few years ago are beginning to weaken.”
H.S.H. Prince Albert II
Sovereign Prince of Monaco
“All this means that we have to come up with new lifestyles, aimed at respecting carefully thought-out conservation.”
Herman Van Rompuy
President of the European Council
“Without going into details, let me just stress one point, and you may think that is all very well, I am sure they can come up with technical solutions, but in the end will European citizens follow, a key question indeed, and I am obviously aware of some of the doubts, but I am confident about the public support for our Union in the end.”
Najib Mikati
Prime Minister of Lebanon
“But, rather than changes, it would be more appropriate to speak of upheavals, since the very foundations of the systems which organise our societies are being re-evaluated.”
10:15 – 10:30 | Coffee break
10:30 – 12:00 | Plenary session 1
“Global economic governance”
Introduction by Jim Hoagland
Contributing Editor to The Washington Post
Angel Gurría
Secretary-General of the OECD
“What is clear is that the crisis is not over yet. The outlook has even deteriorated in the last few months. “
Il Sakong
Chairman of the Institute for Global Economics, Former Finance Minister of Korea
“The G20 also deserves due credit for successfully initiating, but not yet completing, the difficult task of reforming the institutions that are at the centre of the formal global economic governance system.”
Kemal Dervis
Vice President, Brookings Institution and Member of the Executive Committee, Istanbul Policy Center, Sabanci University
“We have to remember that from 1820 to 1950, if you take the whole emerging and developing world and the rich countries, there was divergence. The rich countries were getting richer, and the poor countries were not catching up and diverging more and more.”
Benoît Cœuré
Member of the ECB’s Executive Board
“In my view, the rise of emerging market economies has made international cooperation both more desirable and also more difficult, and this is the challenge that we face now.”
John Lipsky
Distinguished Visiting Scholar, International Economics Program, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Former First Deputy Managing Director, IMF
“Notably, both household and corporate sectors in most developed economies at present are in financial surplus.”
12:00 – 12:45 | Plenary session 2
“G2 ?”
Introduction by Han Sung-Joo
Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea
Robert Blackwill
Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
“Those are all very general shared objectives of Washington and Beijing and there are currently 60 Governmental dialogues taking place between the two Governments under the umbrella of these shared abstract foreign policy goals. Does that mean that there will be an evolving and strengthening G2? “
Wang Jisi
Dean of the School of International Studies, Peking University, and director of the Center for International and Strategic Studies, Peking University
The G2 as an idea is controversial in China. The Chinese leadership’s attitude is one of denial and resistance, for three major reasons.”
Debate
12:45–14:00 | Lunch debate
“Democracy in Europe”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Sylvie Goulard
Member of the European Parliament for the West of France
“If we look at the situation objectively – without being deliberately provocative, just objective – and consider how well States and the international organisations in which States work together have performed, the result is not impressive.”
Debate
14:15 – 15:00 | Plenary session 3
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Mario Monti
President and Founder of the WPC
“When I was put into power – if you want to call it that – 13 months ago, Europe, the United States and the world were concerned about the state of Italy’s affairs because we were the possible spark that could cause the euro zone to permanently explode.”
Debate
15:00 – 16:30 | Plenary session 4
“The future of the EU”
Introduction by António Vitorino
President of Notre Europe – Institut Jacques Delors, Former Defense Minister of Portugal and Former European Commissioner
Joaquín Almunia
Vice-President of the European Commission
“Are we emerging from the crisis? Clearly it’s a pertinent question, but the answer depends on who you ask.”
Karl Kaiser
Harvard University; Former Director of the German Council on Foreign Relations
“For five years, the imminent collapse of the euro has been predicted and here we are five years later and the euro is still there.”
Radosław Sikorski
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland
“However, I think that it is useful in a discussion to be frank and I will tell you that we are – how shall I put this diplomatically? – angry that the euro zone has been mismanaged so badly over the last few years.”
Hubert Védrine
Former French Minister of Foreign Affairs
“Generally, when someone says “Europe”, I’m not too sure what it means. In geopolitical, strategic terms, it’s more of a statistical aggregate.”
Pierre Vimont
Executive Secretary General, European External Action Service (EEAS)
“If you admit what I just said about these two observations, one can then ask the question: but why is it then that we still have this feeling when we talk about the European foreign policy, why can we have this feeling that something is still missing there, and not yet totally complete?”
16:30 – 18:00 | Plenary session 5
“Good governance and economic success”
Introduction by Susan Liautaud
Visiting Scholar at the Stanford Centeron Philanthropy and Civil Society, Founder of Susan Liautaud & Associates Limited (SLA) and Imaginer Consulting Limited
Bruno Lafont
CEO of Lafarge group
“Men can move, but not companies, and certainly not equipment.”
Mo Ibrahim
Chairman of Mo Ibrahim Foundation
“Now, is this governance or is this theft? That is the issue.”
Chang Dae-Whan
Chairman of Maekyung Media Group
“In 1974, I spent a semester at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, studying the European Common Market, so I picked up the idea that if Europe can unite itself and look for peace and prosperity, why not Asians?”
Donald J. Johnston
Founding Partner, Heenan Blaikie; Former Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
“For example, as I recall, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development has a principle that says when you are in another country, you will apply the higher of the environmental standards of your country of origin, or the standards of the foreign country where you are operating.”
Ana Palacio
Member of the Spanish Council of State, Former Senior Vice President of the World Bank, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain
“For many institutions today, such as the Monetary Fund or the World Bank, on a 25-member board, you see at least seven or eight European faces and sometimes one or two African faces, which does not represent the world of today.”
Debate
20:00 | Cocktail
20:30 | Gala Dinner
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Pascal Lamy
Director-General of the WTO
“This is true of leadership: how can a leader be appointed if sovereign nation states enjoy equal rights, which is the Westphalian theory?”
Conclusion by Thierry de Montbrial
09:30 – 12:30 | Parallel workshops
Workshop #1 – Finance
Jean-Claude Trichet
Former President of the European Central Bank
“By the way, we avoided a Great Depression, but we had a great recession.”
Josef Ackermann
Chairman of the Board, Zurich Insurance Group Ltd; Former CEO, Deutsche Bank
“At the time everybody talked about the need for narrow banking. But despite the rhetoric reality is completely different today.”
Marek Belka
President of the National Bank of Poland
“One of the lessons that we drew from the recent crisis is that even if financial institutions, one by one, look healthy – and they do look healthy in times of prosperity – it does not mean that the whole system is not in danger.”
Jeffry Frieden
Professor of government at Harvard University
“It was observed that one country’s policy driven capital movements could impose externalities on other countries. For example, we can observe, without imposing or suggesting any moral judgment, that one country’s large scale surplus implies large scale deficits on the part of other countries.”
Jacques Mistral
Special advisor at Ifri
“What happened in Washington in the same period can reasonably be considered as a dangerous political deadlock by major international investors, at least by those outside London and Wall Street.”
Riad Toufic Salame
Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank
“You can remember when there was one mistake in one programme in New York; the stock market fell 10%, without any explanation. Later, we knew the cause.”
Debate
Workshop #2 – Energy and environment
William Ramsay
Senior Advisor of the Center for Energy, Ifri; former Deputy Executive Director, International Energy Agency (IEA), former US Ambassador in Brazzaville
Maria Van Der Hoeven
Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA)
“The amount of global natural gas will grow by about 50% up to 2035 and the price relationships between regional gas markets will strengthen as a more integrated global market starts to emerge. “
Christophe de Margerie
Chairman and CEO of Total
“Regarding renewables, the only thing we can say at this time is that we need them, and for the chairman of an oil and gas company, which we call an energy company, to say this is a proof of our real commitment. “
Jacques Lesourne
President of the Scientific Committee of the Energy program at Ifri
“It is not very useful to take the OECD countries one by one: for instance the European Union has 27 energy policies and, in addition, a policy at the level of the Union.”
Anil Razdan
Former Power Secretary of India
“[…] you need energy, you need equity, you need to protect the environment, you need efficiency, and you need enterprise. Unless these five Es are present, we will not be able to tackle the problem. “
Kevin Sara
Chairman and CEO of Nur Energie
“It depends of course on how you count; some environmentalists will say that, if you count the externalities and the cost of pollution, renewables are already competitive today.”
Alexander Likhotal
President of Green Cross International
“The Earth Overshoot Day – the day when we have consumed the sustainable portion of resources -was reached this year on 27 September. “
Richard Cooper
Professor of International Economics at Harvard University
“The problem is who is to pay for restraining emissions, and we all know that almost all governments of the world today are strapped for funds.”
Jean-David Levitte
Distinguished Fellow, The Brookings Institution; former Diplomatic Advisor and Sherpa of President Nicolas Sarkozy
“You will not believe it, but coal prices are going down because of the revolution, and so Germany, which is closing its nuclear plants, not emitting any CO2, is importing coal from America because it is competitive due to the shale gas revolution.”
Debate (first part)
Debate (second part)
Conclusion by Christophe de Margerie
Workshop #3 – Major risks
Introduction by Lionel Zinsou
Chairman of PAI Partners
Godefroy Beauvallet
Head of the AXA Research Fund
“There are three core responsibilities of decision makers: first, they shall make sure, at any point in time, that there exists a central scenario known to civil society and based on the best and latest scientific data available. “
Qu Xing
President, China Institute for International Studies
“Living a long time is not a risk, instead, it is a progress of mankind, but it will cause problems as the population getting aging. “
Tadakatsu Sano
Attorney at Law, Jones Day, Tokyo
“You can point out a lot of predicable risks, but the important thing is that we are moving toward the Internet based society, I do not know how to tackle, there is fragmentation and individualization of society.”
Igor Yurgens
Chairman of the Management Board of the Institute of Contemporary Development, Moscow
“Current events, from the recent global financial crisis to the environmental risks, already depicted, of transgression of planetary boundaries make it clear that we cannot continue on our present path.”
Luc-François Salvador
CEO of Sogeti
“About 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet in 2020, most of them barely protected, which implies as much potential doors for hackers to intrude in our machineries, our companies, our home and personal lives.”
Philippe Chalmin
Professor of Economic History and Director of the Master of International Affairs at Paris-Dauphine University
“Our choice today is, what am I going to choose for lunch or dinner, but the choices of about one billion people around the world are different. “
Raphael Wittenberg
Senior Research Fellow at the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) at the London School of Economics and Political Science
“To give an idea of the finances involved, the European Union countries spend roughly 1.8% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on long-term care services, and that is only the formal services.”
Dominique Moïsi
Special Advisor at Ifri
“[…] there is a major gap between the evolution of science and technology, which both make us dream, and also have nightmares, and the stability of human leaders, the stability of human nature.”
Debate
12:30 – 14:30 | Lunch debate
“Trust”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Josef Ackermann
Chairman of the Board, Zurich Insurance Group Ltd; Former CEO, Deutsche Bank
“Ladies and gentlemen, when I was asked about an hour ago by Jean Claude Trichet if I would be willing to say a few words about trust I asked myself ‘Why ask a banker?’ – or even a former banker in my case.”
Jean-Claude Trichet
Former President of the European Central Bank
“In my view, one of our major problem today is that entrepreneurs find themselves in a universe where they are not sure of the real “state of nature” as regards the real economy and of what Governments are likely to do in the US, in Europe and in the rest of the advanced economies.”
Debate
14:30 – 16:00 | Plenary session 6
“The future of the Middle East”
Introduction by Mehmet Ali Birand
Editor in Chief of CNN Turk and Chief Anchor for Kanal D main news
Jean-David Levitte
Distinguished fellow, Brookings Institution ; Former Diplomatic Advisor and Sherpa of President Nicolas Sarkozy
“So, in this general feeling of an America slightly in retreat, I see an exception, which is Iran. Iran, because what is at stake is not only regional balance, it is also the world order.”
Meir Sheetrit
Member of Parliament, Former Minister of Internal Affairs, Israel
“I believe that the best way to make peace with Israel is to talk through the Arab Initiative, which can make peace, not only with Palestinians, but with all the Arab states. “
Edward Djerejian
Founding Director of James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Former US Ambassador to Syria
“[…] I am convinced that we are in a post Assad era. When he will go, I cannot predict, but we are in the post Assad era.”
Manuel Hassassian
Ambassador of Palestine to the United Kingdom
“Without major social transformation, I do not think we can talk about the Arab Spring as having a different political culture that could accommodate the politik real in the Middle East today. “
Mona Makram Ebeid
Former Member of Parliament, Egypt, Distinguished Lecturer,American University in Cairo, Member of the National Council for Human Rights
“Yes, today we are faced with two Egypts which are no longer able to communicate, which refuse to recognise each other and which do not listen to each other. “
Debate
16:00 – 16:30 | Coffee break
16:30 – 18:00 | Plenary session 7
“Africa”
Introduction by Lionel Zinsou
Chairman of PAI Partners
Mo Ibrahim
Chairman of Mo Ibrahim Foundation
“Definitely, governance, which should aim as using all available resources in the most efficient way in order to deliver the best possible to the citizens, is a critical ingredient. “
Hakim Ben Hammouda
Special Advisor to the African Development Bank Group (AfDB)
“And it’s true that we consider the question of the continent’s resilience to be crucial. For us, it’s about Africa’s ability to withstand the shock of the global crisis. “
Edem Kodjo
President of PAX AFRICANA, Former Prime Minister of Togo, Former Secretary General O.A.U (A.U), A.U Peace Ambassador
“Yes Africa is a land of paradoxes, yes Africa is a land with great ambitions.”
Jean-Michel Severino
CEO of Investisseurs et Partenaires
“It occurred to me that Africa is still a UGO, an unidentified geopolitical object. When you see how people view the African continent, what is striking is that no one really knows how to deal with the continent. “
Debate
20:30 | Dinner debate
Introduction
Adil Abd Al-Mahdi
Former Vice President of the Republic of Iraq
Debate
“Speaking about the Middle East is not an easy job. It is difficult, even for us living in the region, maybe more so than you because you can see it from outside.”
08:00 – 09:00 | Report from Parallel workshops
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Jacques Mistral
Special Advisor at Ifri
“The financial industry embarked upon strategies designed to create highly profitable, but high risk, portfolios, assuming, incorrectly as we have seen, that the liquidity which it required to operate safely could not evaporate so suddenly.”
William Ramsay
Senior Advisor of the Center for Energy, Ifri; former Deputy Executive Director, International Energy Agency (IEA), former US Ambassador in Brazzaville
“The necessary decisions are not being taken, populations are not empowering democratically chosen solutions and the current depressed economic environment is aggravating an already bad situation.”
Dominique Moïsi
Special Advisor at Ifri
“And the third theme actually consisted of saying that the major risk, over and above what had just been mentioned, was perhaps the refusal by leaders to take risks themselves compared to the present: what is known as the short-sightedness of governments.”
Conclusion by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
09:00 – 11:00 | Plenary session 8
“General debate”
Introduction by Dominique Moïsi
Special Advisor at Ifri
Han Sung-Joo
Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea
“The territorial disputes are about more than energy, more than fishing rights, and more, even, than geopolitics. It portends, I think, great danger, if unchecked, of a kind that Europe had to deal with before the Second World War.”
Jim Hoagland
Contributing Editor to The Washington Post
“One of the most important parts of the IFRI world policy conference is the human factor. That is what struck me the most about this particular session.”
Donald J. Johnston
Founding Partner, Heenan Blaikie; Former Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
“One of the things that worries me most are the results that came out of Doha. The reality is that we have not made progress on climate change. “
Serguei Karaganov
Chairman of the Presidium of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy
“Obviously, the energy at the conference is increasing. It brings new people. It brings new ideas and here we are. Leadership is alive. “
Igor Yurgens
Chairman of the Management Board of the Institute of Contemporary Development, Moscow
“I will be bringing three things back from this conference. Firstly, it is exceptionally important for us in Europe and probably in the world to have a French speaking forum.”
Wang Jisi
Dean of the School of International Studies, Peking University, and director of the Center for International and Strategic Studies, Peking University
“For instance, I see six imbalances in global trends: demographic, social, ecological, economic and financial, the imbalance between the need and supply of natural resources, and the imbalance of wealth distribution.”
Panelists’ remarks
“‘Is Asia in 2012, Europe in 1912? Is the situation we are witnessing in Asia about to become what existed a century ago in Europe?’”
Debate
12:30 | Lunch and Departure
2012 Report
2012 Program
2011 Conference proceedings
15:00 – 16:00 | Opening session
Thierry de Montribal
President and Founder of the WPC
“[…] governance is essential. Without governance, our highly interdependent system is likely to explode.”
Heinz Fischer
President of the Republic of Austria
“Reinstating the primacy of politics is one of the major challenges – we cannot afford to waste this opportunity.”
Abdullah Gül
President of the Republic of Turkey, Guest of honor of the 4th edition of the WPC
” […] no single power can cope with these challenges alone. There is a need for truly effective multilateralism with the participation of the emerging powers.”
Debate
16:15 – 17:00 | Plenary session 1
“The ECB and the sustainability of the Euro”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Peter Praet
Member of the ECB’s Executive Board
“The ECB will continue to remain an anchor of confidence and stability in a global economy characterized by marked uncertainties.”
Debates
17:00 – 19:00 | Plenary session 2
“Arab spring and global governance”
Introduction by Volker Perthes
Chairman and Director of Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)
Amr Moussa
Former Secretary General of the League of Arab States, candidate to the Egyptian presidential elections
“We want to move together and have interaction where our world lives in a better way and with more connections.”
Hrh Prince Turki Al-Faisal
Chairman of King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
“Reform is no longer a choice for us. It is an imperative. For us to be able to meet these challenges of providing justice, livelihood and equal opportunity for all is an opportunity as well as a challenge.”
Edward Djerejian
Founding Director of James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, former US Ambassador to Syria
“In the long arch of history the United States identifies with the Arab Awakening’s quest for individual freedom, equality of opportunity and broader political participation.”
Christophe de Margerie
Chairman & CEO of Total
“We may be mistaken, but as stakeholder in all these countries we are entitled to have our say.”
Amr Moussa
Former Secretary General of the League of Arab States, candidate to the Egyptian presidential elections
Hrh Prince Turki Al-Faisal
Chairman of King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
Debates
19:00 – 20:15 | Plenary session 3
“Major catastrophes and global governance”
Introduction by Jim Hoagland
Associate Editor, Chief Foreign Correspondent of the Washington Post
Yukiya Amano
Director General of the IAEA
“Showing the highest level of nuclear safety is a responsibility for each country. The role of the IAEA is to help them. Every country is varied and an international response is needed.”
Scott Charney
Corporate Vice President, Trustworthy Computing of Microsoft
“I think the biggest thing that people need to start to appreciate in more detail is that the internet is now connecting everyone’s life.”
Yukiya Amano
Director General of the IAEA
Scott Charney
Corporate Vice President, Trustworthy Computing of Microsoft
Yukiya Amano
Director General of the IAEA
Scott Charney
Corporate Vice President, Trustworthy Computing of Microsoft
Yukiya Amano
Corporate Vice President, Trustworthy Computing of Microsoft
Debates
20:15 – 21:15 | Welcome cocktail
21:15 – 23:00 | Dinner at the Hofburg Palace (Conference Center)
“Dinner”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and founder of the WPC
Herbert Stepic
CEO of Raiffeisen Bank International
“[…] besides the very necessary consolidation process we need to focus on strategic growth programs. This will only be possible through solidarity.”
Conclusion by Thierry de Montbrial
9:00 – 10:15 | Plenary session 4
“Corporate social responsibility and global governance”
Introduction by Bruno Lafont
Chairman and CEO of Lafarge Group
“The novelty of the phenomenon of CSR is that it is […] increasingly seen not only as a condition of survival for the firm today, the licence to operate, but as a powerful lever to render sustainable value creation in the long run.”
Mary Robinson
Former President of Ireland, President of Mary Robinson Foundation
“I believe the central challenge ahead is to turn the progress of the past decade into new actions that will move governments and markets sufficiently to make respect for human rights part of mainstream business practice around the world.”
Narayana Murthy
President and founder of Infosys Technologies Limited
“As long as corporations seek respect from every stakeholder, I believe they will automatically use the power of corporate social responsibility to add value to society.”
Debates
10:45 – 12:15 | Plenary session 5
“The future of the G8 and G20: challenges and prospects for the economic and financial systems”
Introduction by Kemal Dervis
Vice-President for Global Economy at the Brookings Institution and Senior Advisor at the Sabanci University; former Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey
Jacob A. Frenkel
Chairman of JPMorgan Chase International, former Governor of the Bank of Israel
“Asia, led by the economies of China and India, will continue to grow at very rapid rates and latin America, which in the past was the source of economic turmoil, is now becoming a source of stability and growth.”
Il Sakong
Presidential Envoy of the Republic of Korea
“The appropriate governance system is particularly crucial at the global community level in this age of non-polar or G-Zeeo world. The world at the time of the Seoul G20 Summit faced a heightened risk of global currency war.”
Lourdes Aranda
Sherpa of Mexico to the G20, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mexico
The priorities for Mexico will be: economic stability, international trade, financial regulation, food security, and green growth.”
Panelists’ Remarks
Debates
12:30 – 14:30 | Lunch debate
Introduction by Thierry De Montbrial
President and founder of the WPC
Kishore Mahbubani
Dean and Professor in the Practice of Public Policy of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore
“I feel optimistic because i would say that the world has now reached agreement on three new global consensuses.[…]That is why I say that the next 20 years will be the best 20 years the world has ever seen.”
Debates
14:45 – 15:30 | Plenary session 6
“Debriefing of the European Council”
Jean-David Levitte
Diplomatic Advisor and Sherpa of President Nicolas Sarkozy
“We are not only determined to save the euro, but also determined to become one of the world’s most competitive area in the 21st century.”
Debates
15:30 – 17:00 | Plenary session 7
“Europe as a laboratory for global governance”
Introduction by Charles Kupchan
Professor in international relations at the Georgetown University
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
President of the Republic of Estonia
“My question is how long can we sustain or expect the Parliament to sustain its pro-European solidarity in a democratic country when it is going against the wishes of the electorate?”
Bartholomew 1st
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
“The European Union, and Europe more generally, is beyond all doubt a laboratory for global governance. However, as history shows, it is not the only one.”
Fu Ying
Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
“There are many discussions about if China is to “rescue” Europe and how. […]What Europe needs is not a savior but a cooperation partner.”
Kemal Dervis
Vice-President for Global Economy at the Brookings Institution and Senior Advisor at the Sabanci University; former Minister of Economic Affairs of Turkey
“I do not believe that there can be a successful end of the story without the surplus countries – the north, particular Germany but not only Germany – accepting that they also have to make an effort so that their surpluses do not continue at very high levels.”
Panelists’ Remarks
Debates
17:30 – 19:30 | Parallel workshops
Workshop #1 – Energy and environment
Introduction by William Ramsay
Senior Advisor of the Center for Energy at Ifri
“Energy policy makers are fully aware of what the policy options are and what the programmes could be. […] The economy around the world is too parlous and it is not a time when politicians make difficult decisions. “
Manoëlle Lepoutre
Executive Vice President, Sustainable Development and Environment of Total
“Our first priority is to manage the risk associated with our operations, to avoid any major accidents and that is really a constant progress.”
Paal Frisvold
Chairman of the Board of Bellona Europa asbl
“The fact is that we need to reduce emissions, we know that, but we also know that 80% of the world’s energy is based on fossil fuels and that the global energy demand is increasing rapidly and vastly […]”
Kristina Rüter
Research Director of OEKOM research AG
“Key challenges in the Oil & Gas industry include climate protection and gradual shift to low-carbon/non-fossil energy sources, minimisation of environmental risks […]”
Debates
Workshop #2 – Food security
Introduction by Mostafa Terrab
Chairman and CEO of OCP Group
Louise Fresco
Professor at the University of Amsterdam
“We have done a great deal with the so-called Green Revolution, but we have also seen the effects levelling off, and we need to find new ways to produce foods sustainably […]”
Yashwant Thorat
CEO of the Rajiv Gandhi Trust
“High prices worsen food security in the short term but in the long run, they lead to investments being made in agriculture and to better food security, because countries feel they have to invest and increase productivity.”
Jean-Yves Carfantan
“Food security claims to keep in mind two main points, first that most of the soil reservoir for feeding the population is located in wet tropical lands, especially in Africa, and these soils do not have the same behaviour as soil in Europe […]”
Qu Xing
President of China Institute of International Studies (CIIS)
“I summarise the measures taken by Chinese governments in this regard into 11 fields: first, intensifying supervision on the quality and safety of agricultural products, second, establishing and strictly implementing market access systems for food quality and safety […]”
Debates
Workshop #3 – Health
Introduction by Jérôme Contamine
Executive Vice-President, Chief Financial Officer, and Member of the Executive Committee of Sanofi-Aventis
“It is clear that there is still a huge gap between what could be a reasonable and acceptable level of health for the worldwide population and where we are today.”
Petra Laux
Head of Global Public Affairs at Novartis
“A global health citizenship index for all players to sign up to could be a good way of moving forward in health issues.”
Steve Howard
Founding Secretary General of The Global Foundation
“If we put health too much into its own box, it might turn off all those who are not actually in the health sector.”
Debates
Workshop #4 – Global Governance and its current state
Introduction by Stewart Patrick
Senior fellow and director of the program on international institutions and global governance at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
“Governance at the global level is obviously more complex in a system of sovereign states lacking overarching political authority.”
Sean Cleary
Chairman of Strategic Concepts (Pty) Ltd
“The other possibility is that we develop a greater sense of humility, stop imagining that we know all the answers and we can go back to business as usual […]”
Bruno Lafont
Chairman and CEO of Lafarge Group
“[…] we operate in a lot of different countries, and we see that there are limits to the approach of how we should approach global governance with different cultures.”
Debates
20:30 | Gala dinner at the Rathaus
Gala dinner
9:00 – 10:00 | Reports from parallel workshops
William Ramsay
Energy And Environment
Louise Fresco
Food Security
Jérôme Contamine
Health
Stewart Patrick
Global Governance and its current state
Remarks of Panelists
Conclusion by Thierry de Montbrial
10:00 – 11:15 | Plenary session 8
“Development and security”
Introduction by Jim Hoagland
Associate Editor, Chief Foreign Correspondent of the Washington Post
M.K. Narayanan
Former National Security Advisor of the Prime Minister; Governor of West Bengal of India
“Emerging threats and challenges in the 21st century are likely to test the flexibility, ingenuity and ability of governments worldwide.”
Yury Fedotov
Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
“In addition, while drugs and crime, often appear to be local in nature, our solutions must be global.”
Debates
11:30 – 12:30 | Plenary session 9
“Africa”
Jean-Michel Severino
Chairman of Investisseur et Partenaire, member of the French Academy of Technology
“2011 is the first year where the GDP of non-OECD countries will be higher than the GDP of OECD countries. It also leads us to try to see whether we can find ways out of the major economic crisis that the OECD world faces by introducing new partners into the game.”
Lionel Zinsou
Chairman of PAI Partners
“[…] the perception of Africa by China is totally different. It is not neo-colonialism. It is just a country looking at a continent with a sort of pragmatic view and nothing like a colonial heritage.”
Jean-Michel Severino
Chairman of Investisseur et Partenaire, member of the French Academy of Technology
Lionel Zinsou
Chairman of PAI Partners
Jean-Michel Severino
Chairman of Investisseur et Partenaire, member of the French Academy of Technology
12:30 – 14:30 | Lunch debate
“Lesson learned: an experience of the Polish-Russian rapprochement”
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and founder of the WPC
Anatoly Torkunov
Rector of the Moscow State Institute of International relations, Co-Chairman of the Polish-Russian Group on Difficult Matters
“Russia and Poland are countries with overlapping history and historic mythology about each other. […] Our countries always stress the morality of their foreign policy.”
Adam Daniel Rotfeld
Former Foreign Minister of Poland, Co-Chairman of the Polish-Russian Group on Difficult Matters
Debates
14:45 – 15:45 | Plenary session 10
“Middle East”
Introduction by Steven Erlanger
Paris Bureau Chief of the New York Times
Ehud Barak
Former Prime Minister; Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister of Israel
“I believe that those leaders in the Arab world who opened their societies more for many voices and for women’s advancement ended up more stable when they faced this Arab Spring.”
Debates
16:00 – 18:00 | Plenary session 11
“General debate”
Introduction by Dominique Moïsi
Special Advisor at Ifri
Hubert Védrine
Former French Minister of Foreign Affairs
“The next developments in the great matter of governance will depend on whether or not alliances will be formed. If so, will they divide the world into hostile systems or will they make it possible to go beyond such hostility?”
Joschka Fischer
Former German Minister of Foreign Affairs
“In the 21st century the defining force will be the rise of the new powers or, even more, the desire of the people to get out of poverty and achieve the same living standard that we have been used to in the West.”
Igor Ivanov
Former Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs
“In our country, people want evolution, not revolution. We have had revolutions and suffered from them. We want evolution and our country to be a modern country with strong democratic institutions.”
Robert Badinter
Former French Minister of Justice, former President of the Constitutional Council
“In order to establish its credibility, the international criminal justice system has to be universal. […]There are still too many states that benefit from absolute immunity thanks to the Security Council.”
Debates
18:00 – 18:15 | Conclusions
20:30 | Closing dinner
2011 Program
2011 Report
2010 Conference proceedings
20:30 | Dinner-debate
Introduction by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Christophe de Margerie’s speech
CEO and Member of the Executive Committee, Total
“This crisis […] will force statesmen over the world whatever their colour to be responsible and to act in sustainable manner, to make promises that they can keep.”
Conclusion by Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
8:30 – 10:00 | Opening session
Royal Message
His Majesty King Mohammed VI
“This crucial project should be perceived as the result of an essential cultural and political process, backed by genuine political will, that can contribute to lasting peace, the right to fair trade and respect for diversity when it comes to matters relating to culture and faith.”
Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
“The goal of this conference is to constructively participate in reshaping the global governance system, with the aim of strengthening the security of the entire world in the years and decades to come – because the governance issue is fundamentally a security issue.”
Ban Ki-Moon
Secretary-General of the United Nations
“Global governance is too important to be left to just one organization or group. But it is at the United Nations – with its universality, experience and operational presence in nearly every country – where global governance can best come together.”
Debates
10:00 – 11:30 | Plenary session 1
“Population, Climate, Health: What Global Governance?”
Introduction from Narendra Taneja & Jean-Pierre Elkkabach
Energy CEO and Convener, World Oil & Gas Assembly (WOGA) / President, Lagardère News
Fernando Alvarez Del Rio
Head of the Economic Analysis Unit, Secretariat of Health, Mexico
William Reilly
Chairman of the Climate Works foundation
“The one basis for optimism on this subject in America right now is that there is a growing consensus that we cannot even govern ourselves and therefore, maybe international governance would be friendlier and more welcome than it might have been.”
Chris Viehbacher
Chairman and CEO, Sanofi-Aventis
“All of these factors are interdependent. The more urbanisation there is, the more environmental problems there are. As urbanisation and access to health care increases, the more likely we are to discover what causes diseases.”
Jean de Kervasdoue
CNAM Professor
Chris Viehbacher
Chairman and CEO, Sanofi-Aventis
Fernando Alvarez Del Rio
Head of the Economic Analysis Unit, Secretariat of Health, Mexico
“The issue is that many of these actions go beyond the health sector. There are many aspects that are intersecting; there are many aspects that relate to agreements with industry. That is where global governance also comes into play. You have to have a perspective that is going to be global, but that is going to end up in specific solutions at the conflict base.”
William Reilly
Chairman of the Climate Works foundation
Fernando Alvarez Del Rio & Jean de Kervasdoue
Head of the Economic Analysis Unit, Secretariat of Health, Mexico / CNAM Professor
William Reilly
Chairman of the Climate Works foundation
Debates
11:30 – 12:00 | Coffee break
12:00 – 13:30 | Plenary session 2
“Global Monetary and Financial Governance”
Introduction from Jacques Mistral & Xavier Vidal-Folch
Head of Economic Studies, Ifri/Deputy Director, El País, President of the World Editors Forum
Kemal Dervis
Vice President, Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institution
“Why governance? Because there is interdependency. This interdependency is growing mainly through trade. Trade creates an obvious interdependency at the level of fiscal and budgetary policies.”
Haruhiko Kuroda
President, Asian Development Bank
“The use of a single national currency, the US dollar, as an international reserve currency heightened the tension between national and global monetary policy making. It also continued to be a source of instability, by allowing lower financing costs for the countries with the reserve currency.”
Jean-Claude Trichet
President of the European Central Bank
“it is necessary to make our public opinions sufficiently aware of the externalities of national decisions, and consequently on the necessity to internalize complex concepts like global economic prosperity and global financial stability.”
Panelists’ comments
Debates
13:30 – 15:30 | Lunch-debate
Introduction from Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Speech from Jean-Claude Trichet
President of the European Central Bank
“all the advanced and emerging countries are learning from the crisis, which is a sort of life-sized stress test on the new world which has been created. .”
Exchange between Thierry de Montbrial and Jean-Claude Trichet
President and Founder of the WPC / President of the European Central Bank
Debates
Conclusion from Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
15:30 – 17:30 | Parallel workshops
Workshop #1 – Energy and Environment
Introduction from Anil Razdan
Former Power Secretary, Government of India
“There is also an inseparable link between energy use and deployment and levels of income and development. Therefore, energy is virtually a sine qua non of any poverty alleviation programme.”
Bruno Lafont
Chairman and CEO, Lafarge
“Lafarge is present in 80 different countries, of which 60 are developing countries. The first point about governance is that companies should be involved in the process of finding solutions.”
Qu Xing
President, China Institute of International Studies
“Under the precondition of common but differentiated responsibilities, the key for effectively fighting climate change is to realize the cooperation between developed and developing countries.”
William Ramsay
Director of Energy Programme, Ifri
“The last really bad crisis we had was in 1975, and it was another of these commodity ramps; we went through commodity ramps in 2006, 2007 and 2008, and here we are again with the impacts of these runaway commodity prices. ”
Mohammed Tawfik Mouline
Director General of the Royal Institute of Strategic Studies, Kingdom of Morocco
“The Mediterranean typifies the main energy and environmental issues of the world, and therefore offers a regional analytical framework that overlaps at national and world levels. This framework is relevant for the analysis of interdependencies and interrelationships between national policies and their coherence with the world effort.”
Debates
Workshop #2 – Food Security
Introduction from Philippe Chalmin
Professor, Paris Dauphine University; Founder, Cercle Cyclope
“who would have believed, when people at the start of the 21st century have mastered practically everything in terms of technology and controlling space and time that we would still find ourselves facing food problems, just as our ancestors did during the great famines of previous centuries?”
Yashwant Thorat
Executive Director, Reserve Bank of India and Former Chairman, NABARD
“India is now revisiting the Green Revolution all over again in the context of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the need for a second round of resurgence in agriculture.”
Kairat Umarov
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Kazakhstan
“40 countries around the world are experiencing food shortages; more than a billion people are experiencing water shortages, and this figure will triple by 2025. World energy prices are growing rampantly, pushing up the prices of all kinds of goods, including food.”
Remark • Jean de Kervasdoue
Professor, CNAM
“soya from the United States is now 90% GM. The figures are between 80 and 90% for almost all major crops in North America. Soon they will hit 100%.”
Remark • Amit Roy
President and CEO of IFDC
“There has been a lot of talk recently in terms of running out of phosphate. We will reach peak phosphate in 30 years and run out of it in 130 years”
Debates
Workshop #3 – Global Monetary and Financial Governance
Introduction from Jacques Mistral
Director of Economic Studies, Ifri
Lionel Zinsou
Chairman and CEO, PAI Partners
“there’s the rest of the world, where the levers are going up and where we have to manage the opposite situation, damping down a sector that is overheating. Dealing with both forms of governance is no easy task. It was these two forms of governance that I wanted to draw your attention to.”
Pier Carlo Padoan
Deputy Secretary-General and Chief Economist of the OECD
“Global current account imbalances underlying savings and investment imbalances should not be totally eliminated; they are good in some cases. There are some good imbalances…”
Gordon Smith
Distinguished Fellow, Centre for International Governance Innovation, Canada
“we have to do what we all have probably been trained not to do, and get into this very sensitive area of the future of sovereignty. That really is what we are talking about if we are to manage in an effective way the kind of interdependent world in which we now live.”
Debates
17:30 – 18:00 | Coffee break
18:00 – 19:30 | Plenary session 3
“Discussion Panel on Current Events”
Introduction from Dominique Moïsi
Special Adviser to Ifri
Joaquin Almunia
Vice President and the Commissioner for Competition
“Europe has taken very important, very courageous and very worthwhile initiatives, not only to solve its internal problems but also problems beyond its borders, global problems. But Europe has a position that others find unreasonable. It is over-represented in multilateral institutions.”
Miguel Angel Moratinos
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain
“But other players who also have power don’t have responsibilities. Yet they still participate in decision-making. When a speculator decides to buy Spanish bonds at a certain price, isn’t he making economic and financial policy?.”
Konstantin Kosachev
Chairman, Duma Foreign Affairs Committee, Russia
“we are making progress on discussions as to whether European or global security will focus just on military aspects, which is more or less the case now, or will include other things like economic security, humanitarian issues and other important things.”
Nambaryn Enkhbayar
Former President of Mongolia
Good governance is about engaging others, not excluding; about regulating and coordinating, not dictating; about giving everyone a chance, even North Korea, Mongolia, Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan.”
Hubert Védrine
Former French Foreign Minister
“The aim is that within three, four or five years, a young man in Gaza, in despair because his cousins or his friends have been killed by the Israeli army, ends up thinking that it makes more sense to open up a pizzeria… At that point we will see a new Middle East, which will bring Jordan and other countries in its wake.”
Amir Peretz
Member of Parliament, State of Israel
“For the majority of Israelis the question of the settlements is less important than the important goal of peace, which will change our reality for generations to come. I believe that if we put into motion this real will and real opportunity to reach the agreement with the power from the international community – led by president Obama, we might see this dream comes true”
Manuel Hassassian
Ambassador from Palestine to London
“Israel should recognise a simple fact, that it cannot continue its occupation while seeking peace, and cannot disregard the Arab Peace Initiative, the only safety valve for its existence and acceptance in the Middle East region. We the Palestinians are the only guarantors for a legitimate existence of the State of Israel. ”
Conclusion from Dominique Moïsi
Special Adviser to Ifri
20:30 | Gala Dinner
Amina Benkhadra
Minister of Energy, Mining, Water and the Environment
“Sustainable development is not limited to rational resource management and environmental preservation, which are certainly essential pillars. It is, instead, a comprehensive and integrated concept (…) that views the individual as the actor and purpose for all development.”
Fu Ying
Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, People’s Republic of China
“In a developing country like China, nothing is more important and more relevant than to improve the living and working conditions of its 1.3 billion people. We are still lagging behind the people’s needs. To understand China, one should not lose sight of such reality.”
9:15 – 9:30 | Introduction of the day
Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Message from Henry Kissinger
Secretary of State in the administrations of President Richard Nixon and President Gerald Ford, Nobel Peace Prize 1973
“Right now, the world is dominated by at least two overwhelming realities. The first is that the international system of the 19th and 20th centuries has disintegrated. The system based entirely on the sovereignty of states is no longer enough to meet the needs of humanity and of the world as it is…”
9:30 – 10:00 | Reports from parallel workshops
Workshop 1 • Bruno Lafont
Chairman and CEO, Lafarge
“In energy, governance is clearly the quest for clean energy. Then again, in terms of the challenges, the link between energy and global warming is a global subject. So also is the link between energy and growth…”
Workshop 2 • Philippe Chalmin
Professor, Paris-Dauphine University, founder of the Cercle Cyclope
“Apart from the controversies about the part which may have been played by speculation or other forces, these price surges must be seen as a warning message from the markets, a warning message on what we have considered as the major challenge of the 21st century, namely the food challenge. ”
Workshop 3 • Lionel Zinsou
Chairman and CEO, PAI Partners
“We agreed that the world had basically succeeded in getting the financial system working again. (…) We understood that, as far as the regulation of banks and insurance companies was concerned, much work had been done, but there were still the non-banking institutions…”
10:00 -11:15 | Plenary session 4
“Governance of the Cyberspace”
Introduction from Ulysee Gosset
Journalist, France Télévisions
Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
Minister of State for Forward Planning and Development of the Digital Economy
“The Internet is something very scaleable that no one designed. In fact, it operates through addition, and through addition by capillarity. It also operates in a very decentralised manner, which accounts for some of the Internet’s resilience. If it’s a space, then it’s a space that is constantly in motion.”
Craig Mundie
Chief Research and Strategy Officer of Microsoft Corp.
“The technology does not start at a border or end at a border. Many of the issues associated with how it is going to evolve are going to be very difficult to manage. Another thing that is very different about the cyber environment, even as it extends, are physical world experiences, is that the rate at which things are happening is different. “
François Barrault
Chairman and founder of FDB Partner SPRL
“When you look at how the Internet has developed since its beginnings, it was viral and a little chaotic…Internet technology has become an integral part of everyday life. In my opinion, the problem of governance means organising this chaos.”
Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
Minister of State for Forward Planning and Development of the Digital Economy
Craig Mundie
Chief Research and Strategy Officer of Microsoft Corp.
François Barrault
Chairman and founder of FDB Partner SPRL
Michel Chertoff
Former Secretary for Homelands Security, United States of America
“We are facing a circumstance in which the Internet allows people to potentially have a catastrophic, destructive effect. This is not only on the Internet itself, but on the real world systems that depend on the Internet. Here is the challenge. “
Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
Minister of State for Forward Planning and Development of the Digital Economy
Craig Mundie
Chief Research and Strategy Officer of Microsoft Corp.
Debate
Conclusion from Steven Erlanger
Chef du Bureau de Paris, New York Times
11:15 – 12:45 | Plenary session 5
“French and Korean Views on the G20”
Introduction from Jim Hoagland & Samir Aita
Associate Editor and Chief Foreign Correspondent, Washington Post / Editor-in-chief of Le Monde diplomatique éditions arabes, and Président of the Cercle des économistes arabes
Ahn Ho-Young
Ambassador-at-large for the G20, Korea
“We have to fill the gap between those 172 countries who wish to sit at the G20 table and the G20 countries, who think 20 countries are already too many. We thought that maybe we should appoint an Outreach Ambassador and make him travel to all those non G20 member countries.”
Jean-David Levitte
Diplomatic Advisor and Sherpa to President Nicolas Sarkozy
“Another idea important to President Sarkozy is continuing to work year long. A summit lasts 24 to 36 hours. Considering the subjects on the agenda, we think it is very important for the heads of State and government, as well as the ministers, to feel fully involved.”
Debates
12:45 – 15:30 | Lunch-debate
“Global Governance and Business”
Introduction from Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Speech from Mo Ibrahim
Founder and Chair, The Mo Ibrahim Foundation
Debates
15:30 – 18:00 | Free afternoon
18:00 – 19:30 | Plenary session 6
“Emerging Powers and Global Governance”
Introduction from Mehmet Ali Birand
Journalist and writer, CNN Türk
Fu Ying
Chinese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs
“For the developed countries, there is concern that the newly emerging countries may not observe the original rules or may not be ready to accept existing structures. At the same time, the emerging countries are concerned that those developed countries may not accept them, or may impose on them.”
Kemal Dervis
Vice President, Global Economy and Development, Brookings Institution
“the future of Turkey depends on its ability to thrive with this diversity. It must not try to merge it or overcome it, but to actually make a strength of it. If you believe that globalisation is going to continue and that global economic and cultural forces are going to be very strong worldwide, taking advantage of these different dimensions is going to be a very good thing.”
Kanwal Sibal
Former Foreign Secretary of India
“La phase unipolaire est terminée, et en ce qui concerne la multipolarité, il existe une dichotomie dans l’attitude de certains pays s’opposant à la domination des Etats-Unis. Ils souhaitent une multipolarité à l’échelle mondiale, mais souhaiteraient l’unipolarité dans leurs propres régions.”
Stuart Eizenstat
Partner, Covington & Burling LLP
“We are really at a historic watershed. The question is; will the greater influence that developing countries rightly demand, come along with the capacity to create consensus between developed and developing countries.”
Panelists’ Comments
Conclusion from Fyodor Lukyanov
Editor-in-chief, Russia in Global Affairs
Debates
19:30 – 19:45 | Envoi
Thierry de Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
“I have to tell you that it is my profound conviction that, in a century, in other words at the beginning of the 22nd century, either the whole world will be a vast European Union in terms of organisation, or there will have been tragedies, conflicts and world wars.”
2010 Program
2010 Report
2009 Conference proceedings
19:30 | Cocktail
20:30 | Dinner debate
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Nambaryn Enkhbayar
Former President of Mongolia
Il est primordial que la réunion sur la politique mondiale soit un lieu où les petits pays comme la Mongolie ont voix au chapitre, car nous savons désormais que les grandes entreprises et les grands pays ne peuvent pas résoudre tous les problèmes.
Debates
8:30 – 9:30 | Opening session
His Majesty King Mohammed VI
King of Morocco
Ensuring peace and stability requires genuine governance based on justice and discipline.
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Until all world powers are included in the way we deal with issues like the economic downturn, trade and climate change, our institutions will lack the richness and legitimacy necessary for dealing with today’s challenges.
Kofi Annan
7th Secretary-General of the United Nations
If we fail to adapt our coordination structures to a world that is changing rapidly, and even too rapidly, we will experience systemic crises the likes of which the recent economic and financial crisis would only be a preview of things to come.
9:30 – 11:00 | Plenary session 1
Architecture of Political Governance”
Nambaryn Enkhbayar
Former President of Mongolia
There should be performance criteria based on the quality of life we are trying to reach together.
Han Seung-Soo
Former Prime Minister of Republic of Korea
What is certain is that the Bretton Woods Institutions that have come into being since the end of the Second World War need a drastic revitalization, if not a complete form.
Hubert Védrine
Former French Foreign Minister
If Europeans were able to get beyond their own navel-gazing, they would organise themselves within the G20 to manage the change, which will be painful for them but which is inevitable.
Robert Blackwill
Senior Fellow & Senior Advisor to the President, RAND Corporation
The great powers need to work much harder to find strategic convergence on the preeminent problems that face the international system.
Debates
11:00 – 11:30 | Coffee break
11:30 – 12:45 | Plenary session 2
“Macro-economic Governance”
Fathallah Oualalou
President, Commune Urbaine de Rabat
The new macro-economic governance, the result of a new balance of power between the State and the market, is gradually becoming more varied in form.
Arkady Dvorkovich
Sherpa to President Dmitry Medvedev
The important thing is not to avoid imbalances altogether but to have manageable imbalances that can be sustained and financed, where dangerous developments can be monitored and risks can be tackled before they lead to another crisis.
Yoichi Otabe
Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs. G8 Sherpa, Japan
To be realistic, the wisdom of the G7 and the OECD lies in their introduction and strengthening of this “peer review” mechanism.
Wolfgang Munchau
Director of Eurointelligence Adviser Limited
Ultimately, when we have a process that is ad hoc and intergovernmental, we do not get agreement on what needs to be done, but only on what can be agreed.
Jacques Mistral
Head of Economic Research at Ifri
Debates
12:45 – 15:00 | Lunch debate
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Han Seung-Soo
Former Prime Minister of Republic of Korea
Like the travelers and explorers of the old world, let us cultivate a taste of learning. Let us take a sincere interest in and show a real curiosity about others.
Debates
15:00 – 16:15 | Plenary session 3
“The future of capitalism”
Lionel Zinsou
Chairman and CEO of PAI partners
If there is one idea about this crisis that has been particularly wrong but remains tenacious, it is the idea that excessive financialisation of the economy was the root cause of the crisis.
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
Former Italian Minister of Economy and Finance
What has failed in the crisis is not the system in which individuals or firms pursue their self-interest, but a version of it in which they pursued self-interest without the framework of rules and public action which are indispensible to achieving that miracle.
Jeffry Frieden
Professor at Harvard University’s Department of Government
An open international economic order requires systematic, purposive, concerted cooperation among national governments.
Debates
16:15 – 16:45 | Coffee break
16:45 – 18:15 | Plenary session 4
“Energy and Climate”
Richard Bradley
Senior Manager for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency at the IEA
No single government will have the capacity to produce the range of technologies which will be required to “green” the range of economic sectors that emit GHGs.
Anil Razdan
Former Power Secretary, Government of India
Energy, which is a prime mover of development and poverty alleviation, has to be available, affordable, reliable, and sustainable.
Manoelle Lepoutre
Director of Sustainable Development and Environment, TOTAL
It is also important to work with the public authorities to make the solution acceptable to the citizen and to ensure there is both a real incentive and a framework to ensure that industrialists who create emissions and those who have the skills to store them in the ground work together.
William Ramsay
Director of the Ifri Energy Program
We have heard a great deal of talk of how low energy intensity is working nicely, economies are being de-intensified and using a lot less energy per 2 000 hours of GDP etc. However, carbon emissions are just not dropping.
Debates
18:15 – 18:45 | Mini-session 1
“Migrations”
Pierre Morel
Special Representative for Central Asia and for the Crisis in Georgia, EU
The traditional phenomenon of integration, which should be the outcome of migration except in cases of circular migration, has become increasingly urgent –but it has also become increasingly difficult.
Jean-Paul Guevara Avila
Director-General of Bilateral Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Plurinational State of Bolivia
Globalization is not only a technological or communicational revolution but it is also the human mobility and the capacity of transport and the movement of persons.
20:00 – 22:00 | Dinner debate
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Jean-David Levitte
Diplomatic Advisor and Sherpa to President Nicolas Sarkozy
For the first time in human history, we are confronted with global crises that threaten not only our economic future but also the future of our planet.
Debates
9:00 – 10:45 | Plenary session 5
“Security”
Yutaka Iimura
Special Envoy of the Government of Japan for the Middle East and Europe
This is the importance of people involved in policy decision-making understanding various regional situations and grasping these in comprehensive terms.
Sergei Karaganov
Chairman of the Presidium of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy in Moscow
Regarding the positive component, the divide in Europe must be healed either by signing a new security treaty or by taking Russia into NATO.
Dominique Moïsi
Special Advisor to Ifri
Within this system, as a European, I am struck by the slow pace at which we accept and assimilate the changes taking place in the world.
Meir Sheetrit
Member of Knesset. Former Interior Minister of Israel.
Terrorism is no longer about small groups of people fighting against big powers. It involves international networks, very sophisticated and well funded, manipulating democracies and using them against themselves.
Debates
10:45 – 11:45 | Plenary session 6
“Economic and Financial Regulations”
Jacques Mistral
Head of Economic Research at Ifri
Kemal Dervis
Vice President and Director of Global Economy and Development Program at Brookings Institution
More of the flow of capital generated by the oil-producing countries and China needs to move towards the developing and emerging countries rather than solely to America.
Nicolas Véron
Research Fellow at Brugel, Brussels
It is not enough to have common standards: they need to be applied consistently and in a similar way; supervision needs to be consistent, as does the management of risk by the public authorities.
Debates
11:45 – 12:15 | Coffee break
12:15 – 13:30 | Plenary session 7
“International law”
Celso Lafer
Professor of Philosophy of law at University of Sao Paulo. Former Foreign Minister of Brazil
One of the items of the present international agenda is related to the politics of identity and recognition, and this brings into question the ability of a principle such as self-determination to deal with this new challenge that affects the stability of the present-day international-state system.
Serge Sur
Professor at University of Paris II – Panthéon Assas
As far as the mechanisms of international law are concerned, one must stress their creativity and their flexibility.
Assia Bensalah Alaoui
Ambassador-at-Large, Kingdom of Morocco
We can only hope that “beating” people’s consciences, in the way he is pinning his hopes on, will result in producing this salutary burst of enthusiasm for better governance of a much fairer and more equitable system, one which has still to be developed.
Debates
13:30 – 15:30 | Lunch debate
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
Amr Moussa
Secretary-General of the League of Arab States
The Arab world has to link up with the 21st century.
Debates
15:30 – 17:00 | Plenary session 8
“Health and Environment”
José Angel Cordova Villalobos
Health Minister of the United States of Mexico
Cherif Rahmani
Algerian Minister for Planning, Environment, and Tourism
The path forward will be extremely long and we must choose between two strategies: a passive strategy based on a denial of responsibility and reality or an active strategy.
Bruno Lafont
Chairman and CEO of Lafarge
Environmental protection is compatible with growth and development as long as they are planned and conducted by responsible companies.
Thomas Wellauer
Head Corporate Affairs and Executive Member of Novartis
Most ministries of health or finance, and equally the bodies of global health governance, are measuring inputs and very little in terms of outcomes from the system.
Debates
17:00 – 17:30 | Coffee break
17:30 – 18:45 | Plenary session 9
“Water, Agriculture and Food”
Michel Camdessus
Former Managing Director of the IMF. Honorary Governor of Banque de France
Water is local, almost by nature, because it is expensive to transport and has a high leakage rate. The strategic level is therefore the nation.
Christian Bréchot
Vice President for Medical Scientific Affairs, Mérieux Alliance
There is a strong need to standardize surveillance data collection and analysis as well as micro-biological methods.
Louise Fresco
Professor, University of Amsterdam
We can feed the world, even based on our current knowledge, even without using GMOs, if demand can be clearly defined and if we are able to organise markets, organise the workforce and organise inputs.
Debates
18:45 – 19:15 | Mini-session 2
“The role of Regions in Globalization”
Jordi Pujol
Former President of the Generalitat de Catalunya
Globalisation is sparking a search for identity and a need for a reference or anchorage point.
Moulay Driss Mdaghri
Président, Association marocaine d’intelligence économique, AMIE
The legitimate aspiration for the recognition of local cultures and the demand by various populations and their elites for greater participation and autonomy must be leveraged to drive development and progress.
19:15 – 19:45 | Conclusions
Thierry De Montbrial
President and Founder of the WPC
The problems addressed are multi-faceted and we have to master them if we want to be constructive and effective.
21:00 | Gala dinner
Taïeb Fassi Fihri
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Co-operation, Kingdom of Morocco
Our concern for democracy prompts us to seek a new compromise, a new global structure and better tools.
Michael Posner
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, USA
We need a new relationship between government and civil society. When we talk about democracy, we have to have a larger vision than just elections. We need to ask what a democratic society looks like.
Samuel Kaplan
American Ambassador to Morocco
I would say that you need to have conferences very often, because only by coming together in this kind of venue and talking about these kinds of issues can we make progress in the world today.
2009 Program
2009 Report
2008 Conference proceedings
09:30 – 10:15 | Opening session
Presentation of the World Policy Conference
Thierry De Montbrial
President and founder of Ifri. President and founder of the WPC
The elaboration of a global capitalist system that is both efficient and fair is at stake.
François Fillon
Prime Minister of the French Republic
But beyond institutional reforms, states must regain a central role in orientation and initiative.
10:15 – 12:30 | Plenary session 1
HRH Prince Turki Al-Faisal
Chairman of King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
Energy is an important issue between us as the developing countries and other countries that have, as the President of Estonia said, this petro-addiction.
Jaap De Hoop Scheffer
Secretary-General of NATO
If the challenges are multi-dimensional, so must be our institutional response. Civilian and military institutions must work together and complement each other.
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
President of the Republic of Estonia
When we want to achieve peace and harmony, the EU has to stand up as a union.
Mario Monti
President of the Bocconi University of Milan
I think that if there has to be more state intervention in the European Union, it’s quite crucial that it happens at the community level rather than at the national level.
Raila Amolo Odinga
Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya
It is a paradox that the continent richest in resources is also the poorest. It is a paradox that must be reversed, for the good of all.
Hans Gert Pöttering
President of the European Parliament
Intercultural Dialogue must become an integral part of our policy-making.
Debates
13:00 – 15:00 | Parallel lunch-debates
15:30 – 17:00 | Parallel Workshops
Workshop #1 – United States: what does the world expect from the “indispensable nation”?
Han Sung-Joo
Chairman of the Asian Institute for Policy Studies. Former Foreign Minister of the Republic of Korea
At the same time, as different means of communication become more readily available and extensive, public consciousness spreads in conjunction with the expanding horizon of information.
Marshall Goldmann
Professor of Russian Economics (Emeritus) at Wellesley College, Former Associate Director of the Davis Center for Russian Studies at Harvard University
One of the most attractive aspects of the US is that even after 225 years, the US still encourages economic and social mobility.
Jim Hoagland
Columnist and Senior Foreign Correspondent for The Washington Post
What the world seems to await is better American leadership, not its elimination.
Etienne de Durand
Director of IFRI’s Security Studies Center
As such, America is key to the international security architecture, and continued American engagement is needed in most parts of the world.
Workshop #2 – Japan : what power, what strategies ?
Yukio Satoh
Former Ambassador to the United Nations. Head of the Japan Institute for International Affairs
The center of gravity of the world economy is shifting to Asia, but security conditions in Asia remain unsettled.
Valérie Niquet
Director of the Asia Centre at IFRI
The relationship with China is today undoubtedly the most structuring one for the Japanese foreign strategy in its entirety.
Workshop #3 – Is Europe with 27 and more member sustainable?
Kemal Dervis
Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Europe must be a bridge between the necessary answers to democratic aspirations and the concerns of its citizens.
Yusuf Wanandi
Co-Founder, Member of the Board of Trustees, and Senior Fellow, Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) at Jakarta
Due to the financial crisis and the economic downturn in the EU, the process of integration has become more constrained.
Michel Foucher
Former Ambassador to Latvia. Ex-Director of CAP
On a world scale, the EU functions as an economic and monetary center and as a successful laboratory of regional integration.
Hans Stark and Kerry Longhurst
KL: Fellow at IFRI, specialist in European Security issues; HS: General Secretary of the Study Committee for Franco-German Relations (Cerfa) at IFRI
Enlargement fatigue means that there is not a desperate sense of urgency to bring in the states of the western Balkans, to confront the Turkish question more squarely nor to begin discussing the prospect of Ukrainian membership.
Workshop #4 – An arc of crisis from Iraq to Pakistan
Volker Perthes
Director of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs and Chairman and Director of the Board of SWP
Different approaches are needed for Afghanistan and Pakistan, the Persian Gulf region, and the Arab-Israeli theatre.
Shireen Hunter
Visiting Professor at Georgetown University, Distinguished Scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.
Problems in this region and most especially in the three countries of Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan have roots both in recent developments, actions of the governments of the countries and key international players and events, and policies going back to decades earlier.
Marc Hecker
Research fellow at IFRI, Department of Security Studies
The arc of crisis from Iraq to Pakistan cannot be stabilized without the involvement of regional powers.
Workshop #5 – Which governance for which stability?
K. Shankar Bajpai
Former India’s Ambassador to Pakistan, China, and the United States, Chairman of the Delhi Policy Group
In such a global situation perhaps the greatest contribution each state can make to the common, continuous search for stability in the international system is to ensure effective governance within itself.
Jean-Marie Guéhenno
Member of the United Nation’s Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on disarmament matters
What is new, and could change the threat is combination of WMD and terrorism.
Marie-Christine Dupuis-Danon
International Consultant, Expert in Criminal Finance, Former Expert, Laundering of criminal money, UN Office for Crime Prevention
Because of the complexity and the diversity of matters, transparency is one of the most important issues.
Laurence Nardon
Research fellow and the manager of the Space Policy Programme at IFRI
The base is for all countries to accept different religions and languages as well as to respect human dignity.
Workshop #6 – The economy of knowledge, or education, still deserves an effort
Bertrand Collomb
Honorary Chairman of Lafarge. Chairman of Board of Directors of Ifri
Successful innovation models also require collaborative work between the public and the private sector, as evidenced by the financing of American universities.
Anatoly Torkunov
Rector of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science
Social role of education is strongly linked with sustainable development of nations, especially those who are under transition.
Susanne Nies
Head of IFRI office in Brussels, senior research fellow with the IFRI governance and geopolitics of energy programme
The workshop has been dedicated to the issue how to generate, but exploit as well the new technologies in order to improve the knowledge economy.
Workshop #7 – Credit crisis, financial crisis, economic crisis: what to do?
André Lévy-Lang
Associate Professor Emeritus, Paris-Dauphine University. Member of the Advisory Council of l’Institut de l’entreprise
The first policy change that is needed after this crisis is a revision of the scope of banking regulations in every major country, beginning with the United States.
Gikas A. Hardouvelis
Professor at the Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus, Greece
The current international financial crisis cannot be blamed on a single underlying cause but on the interaction of many different factors.
Jacques Mistral
Head of Economic Research at IFRI
The recent financial turmoil has also brought into sharp relief the need to rethink many aspects of financial regulation and supervision.
Françoise Nicolas; Eliane Mosse
Economist, Senior researcher at the Centre Asie of IFRI; Economist, advisor at IFRI for the Franco-Austrian Center for european convergence
One can also fear that in a climate of increasing poverty and unemployment, political radicalisation might occur, and jeopardize the way democracies operate.
Workshop #8 – Regulation of migrations, a world issue
Mohammed Bedjaoui
Former Foreign Minister of Algeria
It must be noted however, that despite all its impact, positive or negative, migration largely has so far escaped the influence of international institutions capable of regulating it.
Christophe Bertossi
Head of the “Migrations, Identities, Citizenship” Programme at IFRI
The objective should not be the militarization of borders but a common international effort to control and structure global migration according to the needs of all parties.
Workshop #9 – Is the Gold becoming an arc of hope?
Henry Siegman
President of the “U.S./Middle East Project” (USMEP). Research professor at the Sir Joseph Hotung Middle East Programme of the University of London
Peace initiatives that seek an agreement on the cheap, and refuse to pay the price demanded by these fundamentals cannot succeed.
Khadija Moshen-Finan
Head of the North African Programme at IFRI
The expression “Arc of Hope” is opposed to that of “”Arc of Crisis”” formed by countries like Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
20:00 – 22:30 | Dinner-debate
Pascal Lamy
Director-General of the World Trade Organization
The only way to make sure that emerging economies feel a shared responsibility is to acknowledge the new geo-political balance.
10:00 – 12:30 | Plenary session 2
Abdoulaye Wade
President of the Republic of Senegal
As a liberal-minded individual, I feel that human beings always have what it takes to overcome the difficulties, the outcome will of course depend on how we deal with the crisis, but we, in my view, have what it takes to overcome it.
Juan Manuel Gomez-Robledo
Representative of the President of the United Mexican States
Latin America remains the cultural reservoir of the West. It is not acceptable that the region once again be the object of economic and political envy of the major powers, especially if a form of new Cold War might return.
Nambaryn Enkhbayar
President of the Republic of Mongolia
Geographically we live in different time zones, culturally or according to our religions – in different time ages. However in terms of development and good governance we have to live in one time zone, at the same age, that is in the 21st century.
Stepan Mesic
President of the Republic of Croatia
After a war everybody is a loser! That is why I have continuously been making the same point: it is better to negotiate for ten years than to wage war for ten days.
SaKong Il
Personal Representative of the President of the Republic of Korea
All countries in the world should make every effort to take full advantage of merits of globalization, while minimizing its downsides. A strengthened international financial architecture suitable to the changed global environment will be critically important as a basis for such efforts.
Debates
13:00 – 15:00 | Parallel lunch-debates
15:30 – 17:00 | Parallels Workshops and a non plenary roundtable
Workshop #1 – Russia: domestic developments and external policies
Marshall Goldman
Professor of Russian Economics, Emeritus at Wellesley College
Unlike what happened during the Bush Administration, the Obama Administration’s policies are likely to be less threatening to Russia, yet the personal chemistry between Obama and Putin, and Medvedev and Obama, will be much cooler. It will be fascinating to see which combination produces the most cooperation between both countries.
Sergey Karaganov
Chairman of the Presidium of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy
The habitual politically correct clichés will not help to improve the situation and build a new world. Meanwhile, the time is coming for creation.
Anatoly V. Torkunov
Rector of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University)
Russia is a fully participating member of the international community. The UN and not NATO is defining the international “rules of the game”. The conflicts along the Russian borders are more or less settled. However, the influence in this region is split between several actors.
Adrian Dellecker
Researcher at IFRI
For Sergei Karaganov, the main issue is clearly the US’s loss of status as sole superpower as fait accompli and the ramification this has for Europe-Russia relations.
Workshop #2 – China: domestic developments and assertion of power
Yusuf Wanandi
Co-founder, vice chairman of the Board of Trustees and senior fellow of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Foundation, Jakarta
The EU, like ASEAN, continues to be an elitist concept and has not become the concern of the general populace. The people feel that they are left out of the process.
Valérie Niquet
Director of the Asia Centre at IFRI
For Tokyo, beyond the vital importance granted to the American defender, and it is a position of foreign policy of which Japan wants to make its mark, multilateral structures, including a reformed UNO in which Japan, with others, would find its full place, must remain a priority.
Workshop #3 – India: regional power and/or world actor?
Jean-Luc Racine
CNRS Senior Fellow at the Centre for Indian and South Asian Studies (CEIAS), at the School for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences (EHESS Paris)
India is inventing her own way to be a democracy adjusting caste to competitive politics.
Brahma Chellaney
Professor of Strategic Studies at the New Delhi-based Centre for Policy Research
While we know the world is in transition, we still do not know what the new order will look like.
K. Shankar Bajpai
Chairman of India’s National Security Board and Chairman of the Delhi Policy Group
We are becoming more aware of the world around us, of the challenges and the opportunities our increasing economic and military capabilities as well as our national needs, give rise to.
Olivier Louis
Researcher at IFRI in charge of the India and South Asia Programme, and of the French Presidency of the European Union Programme
As such, India should find its rightful place amongst the others world powers.
Workshop #4 – Sub-Saharan Africa: implosion or takeoff?
William Zartman
Professor at The Johns Hopkins University in Washington
Africa militated for independence—that is, self-government or government of one’s self by one’s self for one’s self— when it shook loose colonial rule beginning half a century ago.
Robert Glasser
Secretary General of CARE International
For every dollar invested in disaster risk reduction and preparedness, roughly seven dollars are saved in disaster response.
Alain Antil
Head of IFRI’s Sub-Saharan Africa program
In the next four decades, African societies will change drastically, massive geographical mobility is expected, and Africans will become predominantly urban.
Workshop #5 – Israel/Palestine, a crucial international issue: what commitments for external actors?
Amine Gemayel
Former President of the libanese republic
Cooperation between the Lebanese State and the Palestinian Authority is not directed against any particular faction, but it is in the interest of all Palestinians and all Lebanese people.
Henry Siegman
President of the “U.S./Middle East Project” (USMEP). Research professor at the Sir Joseph Hotung Middle East Programme of the University of London
Yet, for all that has changed, the Gulf countries cannot do without a U.S. security umbrella, for they have not developed the capacity to provide for their own security.
Shlomo Avineri
Professor of Political Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Recognizing the limits of US power to broker a peace agreement in the Middle East doesn’t mean it is irrelevant.
Bassma Kodmani
Executive Director of the Arab Reform Initiative
With other challenges building in the Middle East and elsewhere, it is all the more important to reassert the centrality of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Workshop #6 – Energy and climate: what diplomatic challenges?
Thomas Becker
Deputy Permanent Secretary in the department of International Policy and Climate change in the Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy
The world is facing two very interlinked challenges: Climate Change and Energy security.
Bruno Weymuller
Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of Total
Climate and energy issues represent major challenges. Awareness is growing of the need for international action but we must act intelligently.
William C. Ramsay
Director of the IFRI Energy program. Former Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency
Despite the advantages of a global approach, the divergent interests of too many actors can well lead to a multiplication of compromises and a dilution of objectives.
Workshop #7 – World food crisis
Hervé Gaymard
Member of the French parliament
It is in the South, particularly in Africa, that the question of what to do to make agriculture once again be a priority is being asked, and everyone should unite for this agricultural priority in the South countries.
François Danel
Executive Director of “ACF: Action contre la Faim”
Although many countries are seriously affected by the food crisis, most of the affected children are still not treated.
Aline Leboeuf
Head of the programme “Health and Environment” at IFRI
Hunger is a health issue, and has to be recognized as such. Solutions also are medical, especially regarding the fight against children malnutrition.
Workshop #8 – Non plenary roundtable
Mohammed Bedjaoui
Former Minister of Algeria
Competence and transparency are the two fruitful teats of good governance.
Han Sung-Joo
Chairman of the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. Former Foreign Minister of the Republic of Korea
Even as security issues of both conventional and non-traditional nature continues to be relevant, new issues, such as environment, competition for resources, human rights, humanitarian crises, economy, and social well-being become increasingly important and relevant.
Igor S. Ivanov
Professor at the Moscow State Institute for International Relations (MGIMO). Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation
Old pattern of relations are coming to a logical end, we need the new one. We have, all in all, a chance to reinvent the world, comfortable for us all.
Hubert Védrine
Former French Foreign Minister
Westerners are discovering that they are losing, not their power and wealth which remain immense, but their monopoly. And the Western powers are not ready for that.
17:15 – 18:45 | Plenary session 3
Kemal Dervis
Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Six months ago it was thought that despite the financial crisis economic growth would still hold. But now it is clear that we are in the midst of a crisis in which the adverse repercussions on the real economy are even more significant than anticipated.
Jean-Claude Trichet
President of the European Central Bank
What makes the current crisis stand out is its extraordinarily large scale, the fact that it is hitting right at the centre of the international financial system and that it is deeply affecting industrialised countries.
Debates
20:00 – 23:00 | Official dinner
09:00 – 12:00 | Plenary session 4
Christophe De Margerie
Chief executive officer of Total
Yet climate change is being announced everywhere as being the priority, simply because what is at stake is the survival of the planet. Remember that there won’t be any more financial crisis if the planet disappears.
Pascal Couchepin
President of the Swiss Confederation
I think confidence has to be built over time. And I believe that if there is a positive lesson to be learnt from this crisis, there will be just one lesson, that is, that it will force statesmen over the world whatever their colour to be responsible and to act in a sustainable manner, to make promises that they can keep.
Boris Tadic
President of the Republic of Serbia
By working together to solve the UDI crisis, we can restore the trust and reaffirm the legitimacy of the UN Charter and the international legal regime that flows from it. This is a time for strategic thinking and bold ideas.
Thierry De Montbrial
President and founder of IFRI. President and founder of the WPC.
The future rules of the game will only be legitimate if they have been designed with the participation of everybody. One of the drawbacks of the current form of governance is that all its rules have been defined by a very small part of the planet.
12:00 – 13:15 | Closing session
Dmitry Medvedev
President of Russia
Historically, Russia is part of European civilization and for us, as Europeans, it matters a lot what values will shape the future world.
Nicolas Sarkozy
President of the French Republic
Between us, then, we must rebuild trust, the prerequisite for reviving an ambitious European-Russian partnership.
Thierry De Montbrial
President and founder of IFRI. President and founder of the WPC.
One of the drawbacks of the current form of governance is that all its rules have been defined by a very small part of the planet.
2008 Program
2008 Report
